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In figure 4, which states are high PMMC sates in 2015? What are the states shown to be benefiting significantly by applying national reduction targets? How did you come up with the answers,

In figure 4, which states are high PMMC sates in 2015? What are the states shown to be benefiting significantly by applying national reduction targets? How did you come up with the answers,

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In figure 4, which states are high PMMC sates in 2015? What are the states shown to be benefiting significantly by applying national reduction targets? How did you come up with the answers, (explain in short) 

 

a Billion $ Billion $ 40 10 WA ND MN ME MT SD WI OR ID WY MI NY МА IA 30 NE PA CT RI IL IN OH NV UT CO KS MO MD NJ KY VA DE CA ок IN NC 20 -10 AR MSAL GA AZ NM TX 10 -20 -30 2015 REF 2050 minus 2015 Billion $ Billion $ 10 10 -10 -10 -20 -20 -30 -30 US30 2050 minus REF 2050 US50 2050 minus REF 2050 Fig. 4 Regional PM25-related mortality costs (PMMC) reductions. Estimates of state-level PM25 mortality costs (2018$ billion) in REF for 2015 (a), and absolute changes ($ billion) in REF by 2050 (b). Changes in PMMC relative to REF for US30 in 2050 (c) and US50 in 2050 (d). In REF, a number of states will face challenges in reducing their PMMC from 2015 to 2050. When applying national reduction targets, all states will have lower PMMC relative to 2015. This is meaningful for long-term air quality management, especially among states with high existing PMMC (such as PA and OH) and states with increasing PMMC in REF (such as TX and FL). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Transcribed Image Text:a Billion $ Billion $ 40 10 WA ND MN ME MT SD WI OR ID WY MI NY МА IA 30 NE PA CT RI IL IN OH NV UT CO KS MO MD NJ KY VA DE CA ок IN NC 20 -10 AR MSAL GA AZ NM TX 10 -20 -30 2015 REF 2050 minus 2015 Billion $ Billion $ 10 10 -10 -10 -20 -20 -30 -30 US30 2050 minus REF 2050 US50 2050 minus REF 2050 Fig. 4 Regional PM25-related mortality costs (PMMC) reductions. Estimates of state-level PM25 mortality costs (2018$ billion) in REF for 2015 (a), and absolute changes ($ billion) in REF by 2050 (b). Changes in PMMC relative to REF for US30 in 2050 (c) and US50 in 2050 (d). In REF, a number of states will face challenges in reducing their PMMC from 2015 to 2050. When applying national reduction targets, all states will have lower PMMC relative to 2015. This is meaningful for long-term air quality management, especially among states with high existing PMMC (such as PA and OH) and states with increasing PMMC in REF (such as TX and FL). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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