In each of the following situations, identify the population and the sample (i). There are 50 books in statistics in our library which contains a collection of 5,000 books. (ii). About 20% of the stones heaped on the building site are round in shape. (iii). The dream that there will be more female than male politicians in Ghana will never be realized (iv) About 10% of pregnant mothers reporting to hospitals are infected with HIV virus. (v) Since the last major earthquake in 1939, there have been 60 earth tremors in Ghana, with 20 these occurring over the past 5 years.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.