In dogs, albino white coat color is an autosomal recessive trait, while black coat is a dominant trait. Homozygous recessive mutations in at least two different genes have been reported to cause white coat color in poodles. A woman owned a purebred albino female poodle. The woman wanted to have more white poodle puppies. She took her dog to a breeder, who promised her to mate the woman's purebred albino female poodle with a purebred albino stud male. When six puppies were born, all of them were black. The woman sued the breeder, claiming that the breeder failed to breed her poodle with a purebred albino stud male but with a black dog, giving her six unwanted black puppies. You are called in as an expert witness. Based on your knowledge in genetics, which of the following explanations for the case would you consider to be the most reasonable to offer to the court? When two purebred homozygous recessive dogs mate, all puppies should show the recessive trait. Since all of the six puppies has the black coat color, the breeder is for sure guilty.

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1. The court should request genetic tests in the woman's female albino dog and the breeder's albino stud. In any case if the white coat allele in the two dogs are in different genes, the breeder should be innocent.

2. To determine if the breeder is innocent, the court needs to separately breed the woman's albino female dog and the breeder's albino stud to other purebred albino dogs certified by the court. If new puppies turn out to be black, chances are a mutation causes black coat has occurred in the germline, and the breeder can be proved to be innocent.

3. When two purebred homozygous recessive dogs mate, no puppy should show the dominant trait, unless a mutation to cause black coat color has occurred in everyone of the six puppies. The likelihood for such an event to happen is extremely low, thus the breeder is most likely guilty.
Transcribed Image Text:1. The court should request genetic tests in the woman's female albino dog and the breeder's albino stud. In any case if the white coat allele in the two dogs are in different genes, the breeder should be innocent. 2. To determine if the breeder is innocent, the court needs to separately breed the woman's albino female dog and the breeder's albino stud to other purebred albino dogs certified by the court. If new puppies turn out to be black, chances are a mutation causes black coat has occurred in the germline, and the breeder can be proved to be innocent. 3. When two purebred homozygous recessive dogs mate, no puppy should show the dominant trait, unless a mutation to cause black coat color has occurred in everyone of the six puppies. The likelihood for such an event to happen is extremely low, thus the breeder is most likely guilty.
### Genetics Case Study: Albino White and Black Coat Color in Poodles

In dogs, albino white coat color is an **autosomal recessive** trait, while black coat is a dominant trait. Homozygous recessive mutations in at least two different genes have been reported to cause white coat color in poodles. 

A woman owned a **purebred albino** female poodle. The woman wanted to have more white poodle puppies. She took her dog to a breeder, who promised her to mate the woman’s purebred albino female poodle with a **purebred albino** stud male.

When six puppies were born, all of them were black. The woman sued the breeder, claiming that the breeder failed to breed her poodle with a purebred albino stud male but with a **black dog**, giving her six unwanted black puppies.

You are called in as an expert witness. Based on your knowledge in genetics, which of the following explanations for the case would you consider to be the most reasonable to offer to the court?

#### Options:
- ◯ When two purebred homozygous recessive dogs mate, all puppies should show the recessive trait. Since all of the six puppies have the black coat color, the breeder is for sure guilty.
Transcribed Image Text:### Genetics Case Study: Albino White and Black Coat Color in Poodles In dogs, albino white coat color is an **autosomal recessive** trait, while black coat is a dominant trait. Homozygous recessive mutations in at least two different genes have been reported to cause white coat color in poodles. A woman owned a **purebred albino** female poodle. The woman wanted to have more white poodle puppies. She took her dog to a breeder, who promised her to mate the woman’s purebred albino female poodle with a **purebred albino** stud male. When six puppies were born, all of them were black. The woman sued the breeder, claiming that the breeder failed to breed her poodle with a purebred albino stud male but with a **black dog**, giving her six unwanted black puppies. You are called in as an expert witness. Based on your knowledge in genetics, which of the following explanations for the case would you consider to be the most reasonable to offer to the court? #### Options: - ◯ When two purebred homozygous recessive dogs mate, all puppies should show the recessive trait. Since all of the six puppies have the black coat color, the breeder is for sure guilty.
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