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In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells need multiple licensing factors to initiate replication. The diagram below depicts the process of eukaryotic replication initiation. What are the names of the factors depicted in the diagram? Factor A: In mammalian cells this protein is phosphorylated during S phase so it is rapidly degraded and cannot initiate 2nd round of replication Factor B: Forms complex with another protein that protects it from degradation until needed to initiate replication. Factor C: Complex of proteins that forms ring around DNA and have helicase activity.

In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells need multiple licensing factors to initiate replication. The diagram below depicts the process of eukaryotic replication initiation. What are the names of the factors depicted in the diagram? Factor A: In mammalian cells this protein is phosphorylated during S phase so it is rapidly degraded and cannot initiate 2nd round of replication Factor B: Forms complex with another protein that protects it from degradation until needed to initiate replication. Factor C: Complex of proteins that forms ring around DNA and have helicase activity.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Eukaryotic Replication Initiation** In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells need multiple licensing factors to initiate replication. The diagram below depicts the process of eukaryotic replication initiation. What are the names of the factors depicted in the diagram? 1. **Factor A:** - In mammalian cells, this protein is phosphorylated during S phase so it is rapidly degraded and cannot initiate the second round of replication. 2. **Factor B:** - Forms complex with another protein that protects it from degradation until needed to initiate replication. 3. **Factor C:** - Complex of proteins that forms ring around DNA and has helicase activity.
Transcribed Image Text:**Eukaryotic Replication Initiation** In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells need multiple licensing factors to initiate replication. The diagram below depicts the process of eukaryotic replication initiation. What are the names of the factors depicted in the diagram? 1. **Factor A:** - In mammalian cells, this protein is phosphorylated during S phase so it is rapidly degraded and cannot initiate the second round of replication. 2. **Factor B:** - Forms complex with another protein that protects it from degradation until needed to initiate replication. 3. **Factor C:** - Complex of proteins that forms ring around DNA and has helicase activity.
### DNA Replication: Formation of Pre-replication Complex **Origin Recognition and Pre-replication Complex Assembly** DNA replication begins with the process of origin recognition, where specific proteins recognize and bind to the replication origin. The following diagram illustrates the formation of the pre-replication complex: 1. **Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) Binding** - The first image shows the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), represented in blue, binding to the DNA at the origin of replication. The DNA is depicted as a helix. 2. **Recruitment of Factors A and B** - Factors A (shown as a red rectangle) and B (depicted as a red diamond) are recruited to the ORC-bound DNA. This step facilitates the progression to the next phase. 3. **Stabilization of the ORC Complex with Factors A and B** - In the next stage, Factors A and B are seen bound to the DNA alongside the ORC complex. This indicates a preparatory step towards forming the pre-replication complex. 4. **Formation of the Pre-replication Complex (Pre-RC)** - Factor C (illustrated as a red rectangle) and a multi-subunit ring complex (represented as a cluster of brown circles labeled 1 through 7) are recruited and attached to the ORC complex. - This ring complex includes seven distinct subunits that play a crucial role in ensuring that the DNA is properly licensed and ready for replication in the following phases. The pre-replication complex (Pre-RC) assembly is fundamental to DNA replication, ensuring that replication occurs only once per cell cycle, thus preserving the integrity of the genetic information. Understanding these molecular interactions is critical for comprehending the intricacies of cellular replication processes and for advancing our knowledge in fields like molecular biology and genetics.
Transcribed Image Text:### DNA Replication: Formation of Pre-replication Complex **Origin Recognition and Pre-replication Complex Assembly** DNA replication begins with the process of origin recognition, where specific proteins recognize and bind to the replication origin. The following diagram illustrates the formation of the pre-replication complex: 1. **Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) Binding** - The first image shows the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), represented in blue, binding to the DNA at the origin of replication. The DNA is depicted as a helix. 2. **Recruitment of Factors A and B** - Factors A (shown as a red rectangle) and B (depicted as a red diamond) are recruited to the ORC-bound DNA. This step facilitates the progression to the next phase. 3. **Stabilization of the ORC Complex with Factors A and B** - In the next stage, Factors A and B are seen bound to the DNA alongside the ORC complex. This indicates a preparatory step towards forming the pre-replication complex. 4. **Formation of the Pre-replication Complex (Pre-RC)** - Factor C (illustrated as a red rectangle) and a multi-subunit ring complex (represented as a cluster of brown circles labeled 1 through 7) are recruited and attached to the ORC complex. - This ring complex includes seven distinct subunits that play a crucial role in ensuring that the DNA is properly licensed and ready for replication in the following phases. The pre-replication complex (Pre-RC) assembly is fundamental to DNA replication, ensuring that replication occurs only once per cell cycle, thus preserving the integrity of the genetic information. Understanding these molecular interactions is critical for comprehending the intricacies of cellular replication processes and for advancing our knowledge in fields like molecular biology and genetics.
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