In considering the formation of the A–P and D–V axes in Drosophila, we noted that, for mutations such as bcd, homozygous mutant mothers uniformly produce mutant offspring with segmentation defects. This outcome is always true regardless of whether the offspring themselves are bcd+/bcd or bcd/bcd. Some other maternaleffect lethal mutations are different, in that the mutant phenotype can be “rescued” by introducing a wild-type allele of the gene from the father. In other words, for such rescuable maternal-effect lethals, mut+/mut animals are normal, whereas mut/mut animals have the mutant defect. Explain the difference between rescuable and nonrescuable maternal-effect lethal mutations.

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Q: number 32

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.