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In C++, my program reads from a file, each line of the text file ends in a 1 or 0. How do you make a function that updates the value in the text file to change to from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1?

In C++, my program reads from a file, each line of the text file ends in a 1 or 0. How do you make a function that updates the value in the text file to change to from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1?

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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In C++, my program reads from a file, each line of the text file ends in a 1 or 0. How do you make a function that updates the value in the text file to change to from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1?

### Sample C++ Code: Handling File Input ```cpp #include "helpers.h" int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { Anime shows[SIZE]; ifstream fin (argv[1]); int option, count = 0; if (fin.fail()) { cout << "File name is incorrect or does exist. Please try again." << endl; return 1; } readFile(fin, shows, &count); fin.close(); ofstream fom (argv[1]); do { displayStartMenu(); ``` ### Explanation 1. **Library Inclusion** ```cpp #include "helpers.h" ``` - This line includes a header file named `helpers.h` which likely contains function prototypes and definitions. 2. **Main Function** ```cpp int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { ``` - The `main` function is the entry point of the program. It takes command line arguments (`argc` for argument count and `argv` for argument vector). 3. **Variable Declaration** ```cpp Anime shows[SIZE]; ifstream fin (argv[1]); int option, count = 0; ``` - An array `shows` of type `Anime` with a size defined by `SIZE` is declared. - An input file stream `fin` is initialized with the first command line argument (`argv[1]`), which should be the path to the file. - Two integer variables `option` and `count` are declared and initialized to zero. 4. **File Error Handling** ```cpp if (fin.fail()) { cout << "File name is incorrect or does exist. Please try again." << endl; return 1; } ``` - The program checks if the file failed to open using the `fail()` method. If it did, an error message is printed, and the program returns `1` to indicate an error. 5. **File Reading** ```cpp readFile(fin, shows, &count); ``` - The function `readFile` is called to read from the file into the `shows` array. `count` is passed by reference to keep track of the number of items read. 6. **Closing the File** ```cpp fin.close(); ``` - The input
Transcribed Image Text:### Sample C++ Code: Handling File Input ```cpp #include "helpers.h" int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { Anime shows[SIZE]; ifstream fin (argv[1]); int option, count = 0; if (fin.fail()) { cout << "File name is incorrect or does exist. Please try again." << endl; return 1; } readFile(fin, shows, &count); fin.close(); ofstream fom (argv[1]); do { displayStartMenu(); ``` ### Explanation 1. **Library Inclusion** ```cpp #include "helpers.h" ``` - This line includes a header file named `helpers.h` which likely contains function prototypes and definitions. 2. **Main Function** ```cpp int main (int argc, char* argv[]) { ``` - The `main` function is the entry point of the program. It takes command line arguments (`argc` for argument count and `argv` for argument vector). 3. **Variable Declaration** ```cpp Anime shows[SIZE]; ifstream fin (argv[1]); int option, count = 0; ``` - An array `shows` of type `Anime` with a size defined by `SIZE` is declared. - An input file stream `fin` is initialized with the first command line argument (`argv[1]`), which should be the path to the file. - Two integer variables `option` and `count` are declared and initialized to zero. 4. **File Error Handling** ```cpp if (fin.fail()) { cout << "File name is incorrect or does exist. Please try again." << endl; return 1; } ``` - The program checks if the file failed to open using the `fail()` method. If it did, an error message is printed, and the program returns `1` to indicate an error. 5. **File Reading** ```cpp readFile(fin, shows, &count); ``` - The function `readFile` is called to read from the file into the `shows` array. `count` is passed by reference to keep track of the number of items read. 6. **Closing the File** ```cpp fin.close(); ``` - The input
### Available Anime Shows and Pricing 1. **Naruto Season 1** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 2. **Naruto Season 2** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 3. **Naruto Season 3** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 4. **Yu Yu Hakusho Complete** - Price: $15.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 5. **Astro Boy** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 6. **Inuyasha Complete** - Price: $15.99 - Availability: Available (0) 7. **Dragon Ball Complete** - Price: $20.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 8. **Dragon Ball Z Complete** - Price: $50.99 - Availability: Available (0) 9. **Kimi Ni Todoke** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 10. **K-On!** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Available (0) ### Code Explanation The image also contains two functions written in C++ that manage the return and update processes of anime shows. #### 1. `returnItem` Function The `returnItem` function handles the return of an anime show: - **Parameters:** - `ofstream &fon`: Output file stream for writing data to a file. - `Anime shows[]`: Array of anime shows. - `int* option`: Pointer to the option selected by the user. - **Functionality:** - Check if the anime show is already checked out by verifying the `getCheckedOut()` method. - If the item is not checked out (denoted by "0"), print an error message. - If the item is checked out (denoted by "1"), change the status to "0" and update the file using `writeToFile`. #### 2. `writeToFile` Function The `writeToFile` function updates the status of an anime show in the file: - **Parameters:** - `ofstream &fon`: Output file stream for writing data to a file. - `Anime
Transcribed Image Text:### Available Anime Shows and Pricing 1. **Naruto Season 1** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 2. **Naruto Season 2** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 3. **Naruto Season 3** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 4. **Yu Yu Hakusho Complete** - Price: $15.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 5. **Astro Boy** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 6. **Inuyasha Complete** - Price: $15.99 - Availability: Available (0) 7. **Dragon Ball Complete** - Price: $20.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 8. **Dragon Ball Z Complete** - Price: $50.99 - Availability: Available (0) 9. **Kimi Ni Todoke** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Checked out (1) 10. **K-On!** - Price: $2.99 - Availability: Available (0) ### Code Explanation The image also contains two functions written in C++ that manage the return and update processes of anime shows. #### 1. `returnItem` Function The `returnItem` function handles the return of an anime show: - **Parameters:** - `ofstream &fon`: Output file stream for writing data to a file. - `Anime shows[]`: Array of anime shows. - `int* option`: Pointer to the option selected by the user. - **Functionality:** - Check if the anime show is already checked out by verifying the `getCheckedOut()` method. - If the item is not checked out (denoted by "0"), print an error message. - If the item is checked out (denoted by "1"), change the status to "0" and update the file using `writeToFile`. #### 2. `writeToFile` Function The `writeToFile` function updates the status of an anime show in the file: - **Parameters:** - `ofstream &fon`: Output file stream for writing data to a file. - `Anime
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