In a simulation study on cyber attacks, the researcher is interested to investigate on whether the attack(s) are successfully performed. Let Ai define the event that an attacker i in the simulated system has successfully performed the attack and Pr(Ai) = 0.08, where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. What is the probability that none of five attackers in the simulated system successfully performed the attack? Assume that the attackers are independent of each other.

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