In a phylogenetic or evolutionary tree, how is relatedness defined, i.e., what is used to  determine relatedness?

Q: Describe why genetic diversity is greater within-groups than between-groups.

A: Evolution is a continuous transition of living forms, beginning with the basic forms of the past and…

Q: A consortium of dairy and beef farmers has hired you to study the evolutionary origins of domestic…

A: Evolution is a change in the heritable qualities of natural populaces over progressive ages. These…

Q: Describe how changes in chromosome structure and number are associated with molecular evolution.

A: Molecular evolution is a process in which alterations in the sequence components of chromosomes…

Q: What features are created at Convergent boundaries?  Draw the pictures

A: Plate boundaries are important as they are often related to earthquakes and volcanoes. When the…

Q: we use morphological traits to determine branching patterns on phylogenetic trees?

A: Solution : Morphological phylogenetics: inference of evolutionary trees using anatomical traits.…

Q: If you were comparing the karyotypes of species that are closely related evolutionarily, what types…

A: The karyotype is a term to describe a genome of an organism in which the complete set of chromosomes…

Q: What aspects of dna can be used to differentiate species?

A: DNA is the genetic material in all the living organisms.

Q: D) Two dragonfly populations that have accumulated several differences in their DNA sequences…

A: The species concept is used to determine whether two organisms are the members of same species or…

Q: Whole genome duplication is important in speciation by hybridization because: It creates…

A: Whole genome duplication (WGD) is a process that results in the doubling of the genome. This means…

Q: do taxa E F G by themselves form a monophyletic group (clade)? why or why not?

A: Evolution is a process by which organisms change over time because of the change in genetic material…

Q: describe the limitations of the biological species concept, and explain how it differs from the…

A: Species concepts are used by taxonomists and evolutionary biologists to define a species as they…

Q: Use the concepts of chapters, letters, a whole library, words, andbooks to make an analogy that fits…

A: The genes are the components of the genome that direct specific functions in the cell. Their…

Q: Explain the biological species concept. Why is it not a perfect definition of a species?

A: Biological diversity is the presence of variability of life on Earth. It measures the genetic…

Q: xplain the following phrase: Degrees of molecular similarity correlate to degrees of species…

A: Evolution is responsible for dealing with heritable alterations and changes taking place in a…

Q: Whole genome duplication is important in speciation by hybridization because:     It creates…

A: Whole genome duplication (WGD) is a process where an organism's entire genetic material or genome is…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Proteins are the building blocks of…

Q: Below is an aligned DNA sequence dataset for three species and their outgroup. Draw the maximum…

A:

Q: What tree below represents the consensus tree for the two trees above?

A: * consensus tree is a phylogenetic tree which summarizes the branching information of a set…

Q: What are three biological ways in which diversity and variation arises in individuals of species? In…

A: Variations are the differences in the genes among the individuals in a population that brings about…

Q: What is sytematics? Discuss the system of artifical classification.

A: All living things are classified into several groups based on various factors. This allows us to…

Q: What is the main rule used to define a species in biology?

A: The living organisms can be grouped into different categories based on their similarities, as…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.