In a lightbulb factory, an administrator selects a random sample of bulbs produced on assembly line A and a random sample of bulbs produced on assembly line B. The administrator calculates the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs produced by each assembly line and finds that the difference between them (A - B) is 0.008. A researcher conducted a hypothesis test with the following hypotheses: H0: The proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line A is the sample as the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line B. HA: The proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line A is greater than the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line B. She found a P-value of 0.016. What is the best interpretation of this P-value?  a If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference of at least 0.008 is 0.016.  b If there is a difference of 0.016 in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing that difference is 0.008.  c If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference equal to 0.008 is 0.016.  d If there is a difference of 0.008 in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing that difference is 0.016.  e If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference of at most 0.008 is 0.016.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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In a lightbulb factory, an administrator selects a random sample of bulbs produced on assembly line A and a random sample of bulbs produced on assembly line B. The administrator calculates the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs produced by each assembly line and finds that the difference between them (A - B) is 0.008. A researcher conducted a hypothesis test with the following hypotheses:

H0: The proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line A is the sample as the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line B.

HA: The proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line A is greater than the proportion of malfunctioning bulbs from assembly line B.

She found a P-value of 0.016. What is the best interpretation of this P-value?

 a
If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference of at least 0.008 is 0.016.
 b
If there is a difference of 0.016 in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing that difference is 0.008.
 c
If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference equal to 0.008 is 0.016.
 d
If there is a difference of 0.008 in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing that difference is 0.016.
 e
If there is no difference in the proportions of all defective parts made on the two assembly lines, the probability of observing a difference of at most 0.008 is 0.016.
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