In a hypothetical population, 16% have sickle-cell anemia. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ( sickle-cell anemia is recessive) What percentage of the population produces only normal hemoglobin? What percentage of the population is heterozygous?
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Population Growth
R and K Selection
R and K selection are concepts in ecology used to describe traits in the fluctuation of a population or population dynamics. For example, they describe the life-association traits between parent and offspring, such as quantity or number of young ones born at a time, quality of parental care, the age to maturity, and reproductive effort.
In a hypothetical population, 16% have sickle-cell anemia. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ( sickle-cell anemia is recessive)
What percentage of the population produces only normal hemoglobin?
What percentage of the population is heterozygous?
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- In a hypothetical population, 16% have sickle-cell anemia. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ( sickle-cell anemia is recessive) What is the frequency of the allele for sickle-cell anemia? What is the frequency of the allele for normal hemoglobin?In a randomly mating population of mice, 3 out of 200 mice are anemic. Anemia is a recessive condition where the affected mice do not have enough red blood cells to carry the required oxygen molecules to the tissues. What is the expected frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype for anemia in this population?Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele at a single gene. As we discussed in class, being a homozygote for the sickle cell allele is almost always lethal, but heterozygotes tend to be resistant against malaria although they have a mild form of anemia. Because of this heterozygote advantage, the allele for sickle cell anemia has a frequency of more than 10% in some human populations. How would present allele frequencies of the sickle cell allele change, if there was no heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (that is, that heterozygotes would be identical to ‘normal’ homozygotes – no malaria resistance, no anemia)? How would the change in sickle cell allele frequencies compare to scenario a (extirpation of malaria)
- Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects 1 in 3 000 newborns with Caucasian background. It causes thick mucus build up in various organs and can cause damages and problems in respiratory and digestive systems. a) What is the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele in the Caucasian population? Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the Caucasian population would be carriers for cystic fibrosis? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to two decimal places. c)If two individuals are carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele, what is the probability that they would have a girl without cystic fibrosis? Show all your work (including the Punnett square) and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.In the genetics unit you learned that sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive condition. In 2016, assume in the City of Markham there are 1000 people out of 300000 people who have sickle cell anemia. Assume global warming continues for the next 50 years and in the year 2066 there are 20000 people out of 500000 in Markham who have sickle cell anemia. a)What are the allele frequencies in 2016? What are the allele frequencies in 2066? Is microevolution evident? b)Due to global warming, assume the numbers of malaria carrying mosquitoes in Markham dramatically increased between 2016 and 2066. What do you believe is the main cause of the microevolution in Markham? (Hint- refer to the 5 factors affecting microevolution and refer back…8% of XY individuals are color blind in a population. Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Submit your answer as it is. a) What is the percentage of color-blind XX individuals? b) What is the percentage of XX individuals who are carriers? c) If this population has 1000 individuals with 50% of male and 50% of female, how many carriers are present in this population? Submit your answer as it is. Do not round up.
- Tay–Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. Among Ashkenazi Jews, the frequency of Tay–Sachs disease is 1 in 3600. Assuming the Ashkenazi population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of the population is expected to be carriers (e.g. heterozygous) for the Tay–Sachs allele?In a human population, one of 25,000 babies is born with sickle cell anaemia. The baby is homozygous recessive (genotype yy). Calculate the following; (i) Frequency of the recessive allele. (ii) Frequency of the dominant allele. (iii) Calculate the number of carrier in 25,000 babies born.The incidence of a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, Tay-Sachs, is approximately 1 in 3,500 in a certain population. Assuming that this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the probability that a phenotypically normal female with no family history, and a phenotypically normal male who had an affected great-aunt, will have a child who is a carrier for Tay-Sachs?
- Nieman-Pick Syndrome involves a defective enzyme, sphyngomylinase. It is usually fatal before the age of 3. The defective allele frequency is 0.01 in Ashkenazi populations. Let’s call the healthy allele A, and the lethal allele a. a) What is the frequency of allele A? Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many people do you expect to have the three genotypes in a population of 10,000? b) AA:_______ c) Aa:________ d) aa:_________In a hypothetical population of 2500 people, 2275 people have brown eyes and 225 people have blue eyes (the homozygous-recessive phenotype). If there are 4000 children produced by this generation, how many (i.e., what number) of the children would be expected to be heterozygous for eye color?In a population of 1000 individuals, 180 have kinky hair, 360 have wavy hairy, and the rest have straight hair. Let us assume that hair type is governed by a pair of alleles, and there are two types of alleles, S (kinky) and s (straight), with the heterozygote condition being wavy. Compute for the allelic frequencies for hair type in the population. Albinism is a rare genetic condition, occurring in only one in every 17,000 to 22,000 individuals in the world (Campbell et al. 2003; Gronskov et al. 2007). a. What can you conclude about the allelic frequency of the a allele globally? b. Where do you think the a allele would be more commonly found, among the heterozygotes (Aa) or the homozygote recessives (aa)? Why do you say so?