In a 4.00 L pressure cooker, water is brought to a boil. If the final temperature is 115.0 °C at 3.20 atm, What quantity in moles of steam are in the cooker?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![### Problem Statement:
In a 4.00 L pressure cooker, water is brought to a boil. If the final temperature is 115.0 °C at 3.20 atm, what quantity in moles of steam are in the cooker?
### Solution Approach:
To find the quantity of steam in moles, we can use the Ideal Gas Law, which is stated as follows:
\[ PV = nRT \]
Where:
- \( P \) is the pressure in atm,
- \( V \) is the volume in liters,
- \( n \) is the number of moles,
- \( R \) is the ideal gas constant (\( 0.0821 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \)),
- \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.
### Conversion Steps:
1. **Convert Temperature to Kelvin:**
\[ T(K) = 115.0 \, °C + 273.15 = 388.15 \, K \]
2. **Rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for \( n \):**
\[ n = \frac{PV}{RT} \]
3. **Substitute the given values into the equation:**
\[ n = \frac{(3.20 \, \text{atm})(4.00 \, \text{L})}{(0.0821 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1})(388.15 \, K)} \]
### Calculation:
\[ n = \frac{12.8 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm}}{31.8670 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}} \]
\[ n \approx 0.402 \, \text{mol} \]
### Conclusion:
The quantity of steam in the pressure cooker is approximately **0.402 moles**.
### Notes:
- Ensure all units are consistent when using the Ideal Gas Law.
- The Ideal Gas Law assumes an ideal behavior of gases, which is a good approximation under many conditions but may deviate under extreme conditions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6895f9cd-8521-4c9a-bc62-df11c4ac3cae%2F7c8a7bb3-52d4-403c-b63f-8243194d1129%2Frxy6a5k_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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