Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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
Transcribed Image Text:Since 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp -> urchins -> sea otters, and then
in the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters. The data collected by Dr. Estes are shown.
Panel A shows sea otter abundance around four different islands from 1972 to 1997.
Panel B shows the amount of sea urchins (sea urchin biomass) in 1987 and 1997.
Panel C shows the amount of kelp that sea urchins ate over a 24- hour period (grazing intensity) in
1991 and 1997.
Panel D shows the number of kelp plants within a specific area (density of kelp) in 1987 and 1997.
The thickness of the arrows illustrates the strength of the effect one species has on the species
below it in the food web.
Sea otter abundance
-Amchitka L
N. Adak I.
Kagalaska i.
L Riskal.
Sea urchin biomass
Grazing intensity
Total kelp density
1972
1985
1989
1993
1997
Year
In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?
No. per 0.25 m
% loss 24hr
gms 0.25m
Otter No. (% max. count)

Transcribed Image Text:In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain?
kelp
sea urchins
killer whales
sea otters
O O
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