Imagine that you have a rigid leak-proof container that contains nitrogen (N2) gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature (25 °C). Now imagine that a small quantity of liquid water is added to the chamber without letting in any outside air. After some time, the air in the container is tested and is found to contain not only nitrogen gas but water vapor as well – even though the temperature never rose above 25 °C – and that the total pressure in the container increased to 1.30 atmospheres. Assuming all gasses are acting like ideal gasses, (i) calculate the final pressure of nitrogen and water vapor in the container and (ii) state what these individual pressures are called.

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Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.