Illustrate by considering a closed system, how the Second law of thermodynamics explains why heat can be converted to work completely only in an ideal reversible process, but never in real spontaneous processes.

Q: An ideal gas of 3.0 mol undergoes reversible isothermal expansion from an initial volume to a final…

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Q: What is the decrease in entropy (in J/K) of 26.5 g of water that condenses on a bathroom mirror at a…

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Q: A real (non-Carnot) heat engine, operating between heat reservoirs at temperatures of 510 K and 270…

A: Given-  T1 = 510 K T2 = 270 K W = 2.4 kJ Q= 37.6 kJ Part(a) The thermal efficiency of a real heat…

Q: If you pour a cup of hot water into a cup of cold water, you wind up with two cups of lukewarm…

A: This process is irreversible process. After mixing we have two cups of lukewarm water which has an…

Q: The entropy for some part of an isolated system may diminish, but must always result to a net…

A: Entropy of a system is given by ∆QT. For isolated system heat can not enter or exit from system. So…

Q: 2) A body with heat capacity C at temperature T1 is brought into contact with a thermodynamic…

A: The body has the heat capacity C and the temperature is T1 The reservoir temperature is T2 When the…

Q: A  708-g quantity of a substance is at its melting point of -112.5∘C in the liquid state. The heat…

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Q: Consider a car trip into the mountains. Construct a problem in which you calculate the overall…

A: The road trip starts and ends at rest. So the only energy consumption will be because of the…

Q: It is usually the case that there is more rainfall in locations on the west side of mountains than…

A: The second step of the process states that the "The air temperature decreases as the winds rise up a…

Q: Using the properties of entropy shows that: a) A thermodynamic state is stable if C₂ > 0 and KT > 0.

A: In the following problem,  we have to use the property of the entropy to prove that the…

Q: Illustrate the entropy statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

A: Definition: The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can…

Q: s initially submerged as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 200 kPa. Then, 450 kJ of heat transfer…

A: Known values :  Specific entropy of saturated water  at liquid state = 1.5302 KJ / kg.K Specific…

Q: Explain the following simplified statements of the first and second laws of thermodynamics (a) First…

A: According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. Here,…

Q: The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.80 x 1040 W from its 5500°C surface into dark empty space…

A: Given: P=3.80*1026 W=3.80*1026 J/sTh=5500°C = 5500+273.15 K =5773.15 KTc=-270 °C = -270+273.15K=3.15…

Q: While doing exercise at a temperature of T = 37∘C, an athlete loses m = 0.50 kg of water per hour by…

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Q: A 5 kg block of ice initially at 268.15 K is placed in thermal contact with a very large reservoir…

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Q: How much energy must be transferred as heat for a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas at…

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Q: A 3.0-kgkg piece of aluminum at 29.2 ∘C∘C is placed in 1.0 kgkg of water in a Styrofoam container at…

A: Write the given values of this problem. ma=3 kgTi,aluminium=29.2°Cmw=1 kgTi,water=20°C

Q: (a) Snow falls through the Earth's atmosphere in different forms of snowflakes. Entropy of a water…

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Q: A spontaneous exothermic reaction at a constant temperature and pressure of 50•C and 2.0 atm has an…

A: The pressure in the reaction is given as, P=2 atm. The constant temperature is given as, T=50oC (or)…

Q: Heat flows from a steel object of mass 4.00 kg whose temperature is 400 K to an identical object at…

A: Here, the given objects are identical, the common temperature of the objects at equilibrium is (400…

Q: What is the entropy change involved in transforming 5 g of ice at 0C and 1 atm pressure into vapor…

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Q: would a 100% efficient engine violate the first law of thermodynamics? What about a workless…

A: would a 100% efficient engine violate the first law of thermodynamics? What about a workless…

Q: A 1.20 mol of an ideal gas at 350 K undergoes a free adiabatic expansion from V1 = 12.3 L to V2 =…

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Q: show that absolute zero is unattainable on the basis of third law of thermodynamics

A: According to third law of thermodynamics: - Third law of thermodynamics states entropy of a system…

Q: A person with skin of surface area 1.85 m2 and temperature 30.0C is resting in an insulated room…

A: Given data A=1.85 m2TR=30°CTs=20°Cε=1

Q: An 8.0 g ice cube at -10˚C is put into a Thermos flask containing 110 cm3 of water at 15˚C. By how…

A: Given that:Volume of water, Vw=110 cm3Mass of water, mw=110 cm3 × 1 g/ cm3=110g= 0.11 kgMass of ice,…

Q: consider two physical systems, Al and A2,the two systems into thermal contact with each other, thus…

A: Let there is two isolated system A1 and A2 with two entropies S1 and S2  and microstates are Ω1 and…

Q: What is the change in entropy in an adiabatic process? Does this imply that adiabatic processes are…

A: The change in entropy,

Q: Think up several processes (other than those already mentioned) that would obey the first law of…

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Q: A STUDENT EATS 2000 KCAL PER DAY. (A) ASSUMING THAT ALL OF THE FOOD ENERGY IS RELEASED AS HEAT, WHAT…

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Q: Some gas was compressed isothermally. This process was accompanied by a decrease in entropy (S=10…

A: Given data: The initial volume is V1=15 dm3. The initial pressure is P1=1 atm. The initial…