II. A stepped shaft ACB having a solid circular cross sections with two different diameters and two different materials joined and attached at their ends, in the first section AC of aluminum has a diameter of 20 mm, length of 225 mm and G = 28x10° and in the second section CB of steel has a diameter of 25 mm, length of 450 mm and G = 83x10° The torque applied is of 1000 N m and applied in the joint of the pieces. Determine the shear stress in both the aluminum and the steel. 20 mm 25 mm To - 225 mm- - 450 mm-

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Q: Problem 10.2. A stepped steel shaft with diameters d, = 56 mm and d = 52 mm is twisted by torques T1…

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.