If two variables are associated, does that mean they are necessarily causally related and What info is additionally needed?
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If two variables are associated, does that
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- If a researcher found a significant interaction between Factor A and Factor B, what does this mean (in general)? O Both Factor A & Factor B have independent effects. O The effect of Factor A on the dependent variable depends on the level of Factor B. O Only Factor A is significant. none of the above.The First Peoples of BC have always had a close relationship with the land. "Traditional Ecological Knowledge is, above all, local knowledge based in people’s relationship to place. It is also holistic, not subject to the segmentation of contemporary science. Knowledge about a specific plant may include understanding its life cycle, its spiritual connections, its relationship to the seasons and with other plants and animals in its ecosystem, as well as its uses and its stories." - Science First Peoples Teacher Resource Guide by First Nations Education Steering Committee To support seasonal food gathering and assess the health of plants and animals, First Peoples closely monitor seasonal changes and climate. Reliable information of weather patterns, ocean currents, and tides is crticial to safely conduct seasonal food gathering along the coast. Currently, there have been increased observations of environmental change, which is of concern to First Peoples and their relationship…There is a strong correlation between the number of ashtrays in a person's home and their likelihood of having lung cancer. The more ashtrays, the more likely a person in the home is to develop lung cancer. So ... ashtrays cause lung cancer? O No, this is an example of the directionality problem O No, this is an example of both the directionality and the third variable problems O Yes, clearly there is causality here O No, this is an example of the third variable problem
- Based on a graph below which of the following statement describes the best types of associations between Factors A, C, and D and the Disease: (choose one best answer) Factor Factor C Disease Factor A O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D and neither sufficient not necessary. O Factors A, C and D are neither sufficient nor necessary. O Factor A is necessary but not sufficient, while Factors C and D are necessary but not sufficient. O Factor A is sufficient but not necessary, while Factors C and D are neither sufficient not necessary.What is the Independent variable and the dependent variable of this problem? A neuropsychologist is studying brainlateralization—the degree to which thecontrol of various cognitive functions islocalized more in one cerebral hemispherethan the other. This researcher is awarethat for men, being right-handed seemsto be associated with a greater degree oflateralization than does being left-handedbut that this relationship may not applyto women, who seem to be less lateralizedin general. Various tasks are used in combination to derive a lateralization scorefor each subject as shown in the followingtable.A researcher conducts a survey examining eating and sleeping behavior as well as academic performance for a group of elementary school children. The results of the survey indicate that the children who eat a more nutritious breakfast tend to have better grades than the children who have a breakfast low in nutrition. However, the research suspects that the children's parents may be responsible for this relationship. Specifically, the better-educated parents probably encourage their children to eat better food and work harder in school compared to parents with less education. If the researcher is correct, this is an example of the_ O A. criterion problem O B. directionality problem O C.third-variable problem D. reversal problem Reset Selection 7,821 MAR etv A A O w 4 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F2 & 3 4 5 7 9. %3D E Y
- The researcher receives funding to also study disease Y and finds the following: disease Y death rate per 100,000 for ME is 72 and for NE is 45. Which of the following is the true statement? The researcher receives funding to also study disease Y and finds the following: disease Y death rate per 100,000 for ME is 72 and for NE is 45. Which of the following is the true statement? Meat - eating seems to be more causally related to Disease Y than Disease The etiologic fraction ( attributable fraction) of Disease Y is 1.6 The population etiologic fraction (population attributable fraction) of Disease Y is 67%. None of the aboveIs there a link between dark chocolate and weight loss when compared to milk chocolate? A nutritionist gathers 60 people, selected at random, then randomly assigns half of the group to eat a single dark chocolate bar after dinner each night and the other half to eat a single milk chocolate bar after dinner each night for 6 months. Everyone is to keep track of the other food they eat in an app provided. The nutritionist then compares each person’s weight after the 6 months to their weight before eating the different chocolates accounting for the other calories consumed. 12) What type of study does this describe? a) Survey b) Observational study c) Experimental studyIf observations are independent, that means that one observation has influenced another. True False
- How can answer these questions? And writeMost supermarkets use scanners at the checkout counters. The data collected this way can be used to evaluate the effect of price and store's promotional activities on the sales of any product. The promotions at a store change weekly, and are mainly of two types: flyers distributed outside the store and through newspapers (which may or may not include that particular product), and in-store displays at the end of an aisle that call the customers' attention to the product. Weekly data was collected on a particular beverage brand, including sales (in number of units), price (in dollars), flyer (1 if product appeared that week, 0 if it didn't) and display (1 if a special display of the product was used that week, 0 if it wasn't).As a preliminary analysis, a simple linear regression model was done. The fitted regression equation was: sales = 2259 - 1418 price. The ANOVA F test p-value was .000, and r squared = 59.7%.According to this model, how many units will be sold, on average, when the…Having a brother increases one's monthly earnings by $200." Why is this an example of an incomplete causal statement?
