If the symbol X represents a central atom, Y represents outer atoms, and Z represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure YX- could be abbreviated as XY₂Z₂. Classify these structures by the hybridization of the central atom. sp sp² sp³ sp³ d sp³ d²
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![### Understanding Hybridization in Molecular Structures
If the symbol \( \mathbf{X} \) represents a central atom, \( \mathbf{Y} \) represents outer atoms, and \( \mathbf{Z} \) represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure
\[ Y \,\, \text{-} \,\, X \,\, \text{:} \, \, \text{:} \,\, Y \]
could be abbreviated as \( XY_2Z_2 \).
**Exercise: Classify these structures by the hybridization of the central atom.**
| Hybridization | Structures |
|----|----|
| **sp** | |
| **sp²** | |
| **sp³** | |
| **sp³d** | |
| **sp³d²** | |
Below is the **Answer Bank**, from which you can select and classify the structures:
| XY₂Z₃ | XY₅Z | XY₅ | XY₄Z | XY₂Z₂ | XY₂ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XY₃Z | XY₂Z | XY₃ | XY₃Z₂ | XY₄Z₂ | XY₄ | XY₆ |
To complete this exercise, you need to drag the correct structures from the Answer Bank to the corresponding hybridization categories. This classification requires understanding the steric number (sum of bonded atoms and lone pairs) which correlates to the hybridization state of the central atom.
- **sp:** steric number 2
- **sp²:** steric number 3
- **sp³:** steric number 4
- **sp³d:** steric number 5
- **sp³d²:** steric number 6
This activity aids in solidifying the concept of hybridization, an essential aspect of molecular geometry and bonding theories.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3e3f76e7-3e2b-4631-a85d-ebd3274410fe%2Ff4e60740-10a0-4ef7-af02-bbb8763e2ff0%2F4ed7m9b_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 5 steps with 3 images
