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If the researchers would like to determine whether certain incentives help individuals to adhere to taking their drugs on time (the researchers are very concerned about internal validity), should they pay more attention to random assignment or random selection?
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- Mike Jimenez is president of the teachers’ union for Preston School District. In preparing for upcoming negotiations, he would like to investigate the salary structure of classroom teachers in the district. He believes there are three factors that affect a teacher’s salary: years of experience, a rating of teaching effectiveness given by the principal, and whether the teacher has a master’s degree (0 = No, 1 = Yes). A random sample of 20 teachers resulted in the following data. Salary ($ Thousands) Years of Experience Principal's Rating Master's Degree 51.1 8 95 0 43.6 5 84 0 39.3 2 100 1 53 15 51 1 48.6 11 53 0 55 14 81 1 52 9 85 0 46.8 7 52 1 58.6 22 68 1 41.7 3 97 1 35.7 1 83 0 40.6 5 71 0 61.8 23 77 1 46.7 17 61 0 48.4 12 83 1 43.6 14 71 0 51.8 8 59 1 40.7 4 93 0 42.8 2 58 1 42.9 8 90 0 a. What is the question being asked? b. Label your dependent variable: y = c. Label your independent variables: x1 = x2 = x3 = d.…Which of the following biases occurs when various groups in a study are assessed differently for an outcome? OA. Selection OB. Reporting OC. Detection OD. AttritionIn 2014, Scotland was considering independence from England, going so far as to take a referendum vote. One opinion poll taken at the time showed that 51% of Scots favored "independence." In another poll taken at that same time, only 34% favored being "separate" from England. The primary reason these results differed by so much is that a. samples will usually differ just by chance due to random sampling. b. the wording of questions has a big effect on poll results. c. more follow-up efforts reduced the nonresponse rate of the second poll. d. the sample sizes are different, so the margins of error are different.
- A researcher wants to investigate whether mindfulness training improves ability for employees to notice positive experiences in the workplace, and if this differs by gender and/or disposition. Employees were randomly assigned to one of two groups: no training or a half-day session. Gender was categorized as male or female. Disposition was categorized as follows: optimist, pessimist or realist. Ability to notice positive experiences in the workplace was quantified using a Likert-based ambulatory assessment. A factorial design was used to analyze the data. Question: How many null hypotheses (and thus, F-ratios) are there in this scenario?An industrial psychologist feels that a big factor in job turnover among assembly-line workers is the individual employees' self-esteem. He thinks that workers who change jobs often (population A) have, on the average, lower self-esteem, as measured by standardized test, than workers who do not (population B). To determine whether he can support his belief with statistical analysis, he draws a simple random sample of employees from each population and gives a test measuring self-esteem. The results are as follows. At 0.05 level of significance and assuming equal variances. Mean Standard Deviation Sample size A 52.3 9.23 10 69.47 11.78 17 Provide the tabular and computed value of the test statistic. O a. 1.703; 3.05 O b. 2.06; 3.94 O . 1.708; 4.01 O d. 2.052; 3.46The State of Virginia has instituted a series of standards of learning (SOL) tests in math, history, English, and science that all high school students must pass with a grade of 70 before they are allowed to graduate and receive their diplomas. The school superintendent of Montgomery County believes the tests are unfair because the test scores are closely related to teacher salary and tenure (i.e., the years a teacher has been at a school). The superintendent has sampled 12 other county school systems in the state and accumulated the following data for average teacher salary and average teacher tenure: a. Using Excel or QM for Windows, develop the multiple regression equation for these data. b. What is the coefficient of determination for this regression equation? Do you think the superintendent is correct in his beliefs? c. Montgomery County has an average SOL score of 74, with an average teacher salary of $27,500 and an average teacher tenure of 7.8 years. The superintendent has…
- An industrial psychologist feels that a big factor in job turnover among assembly line workers is the individual employee’s self-esteem. She thinks that workers who change jobs often (Population A) have, on the average, lower self-esteem, as measured by a standardized test, than workers whodo not (Population B). To determine whether she can support her belief with statistical analysis, she draws a simple random sample of employees from each population and gives each a test measuring self-esteem. The results are as follows: Group A 60 45 42 62 68 54 52 55 44 41 Group B 70 72 74 74 76 91 71 78 76 78 83 50 52 66 65 53 52 The psychologist believes that the relevant population scores are normally distributed, with equal, although unknown, variances. At the 0.1 level of significance, what should she concludeI am to do a project for an inferential statistics class and I would like some basic guidance. I am to propose a research question. My proposed research question is "Does drinking stimulants such as coffee improve a student's grades?" It was suggested to me that my population could be the students at my school. I will impliment simple random sampling by devising two groups of students, one being a group who often consume stimulants like coffee and another who seldomly or never consume a stimulant such as coffee. Upon gathering the data of each group I will need to compare the average grades for each group using independent samples t-test for both respective groups. My Hypothesis test will be a two independent samples test for mean. My question is what are the limitations? (How could bias and/or confounding variables could limit this study?) Also what graph do you think would be best served to visually display the data?An article published in the “American Journal of Public Health” describes the results of a health survey administered to 119 male convicts, 50 years of age or older, residing in a state social rehabilitation center. It was found that 21.6% of them claimed to have a history of venereal diseases. Based on these findings, we wish to evaluate whether more than 15% of this population has a history of venereal diseases. What would be the p value that allows evaluating the research question? A. 4.32 B. 2.09 C. -1.72 D. 0.018 E. 0.957
- The state highway department is studying traffic patterns on one of the busiest highways in the state. As part of the study. the department needs to estimate the average number of vehicles that pass an intersection each day. One of the department's officer (Officer A) claims that on average, more than 15,000 cars passing the intersection. On the other hand. Officer B claims that on average, 18,000 cars passing the intersection. Meanwhile, a random sample of 64 days gives a sample mean of 14,205 cars and a sample standard deviation of 1,010 cars. Test both claim at 0.05 level of significance. Use the critical value approach and show the complete calculation steps for each testing. Whose claim is true? Testing Officer A's claim Step 1: State the hypotheses Step 2: Find critical value and state the decision rule Step 3: Compute the test value Step 4: Make decision Step 5: Conclusion Testing Officer B's claim Step 1: State the hypotheses Step 2: Find critical value and state the decision…In a survey of 1,000 women aged 22 to 35 who work full time, 555 indicated that they would be willing to give up some personal time in order to make more money. The sample was selected in a way that was designed to produce a sample that was representative of women in the targeted age group. (a) Do the sample data provide convincing evidence that the majority of women aged 22 to 35 who work full-time would be willing to give up some personal time for more money? Test the relevant hypotheses using ? = 0.01. Find the test statistic and P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = (B ) State your conclusion. a. Fail to reject H0. We have convincing evidence that a majority of women aged 22 to 35 who work full time would be willing to give up some personal time for more money. b. Fail to reject H0. We do not have convincing evidence that a majority of women aged 22 to 35 who work full…