If np 5 and nq s5, estimate P(fewer than 3) with n=D14 and p 0.4 by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution; if np<5 or nq<5, then state that the normal approximation is not suitable. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. O A. P(fewer than 3)= (Round to four decimal places as needed.) O B. The normal approximation is not suitable.

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### Binomial Probability Estimation Using Normal Approximation

**Problem Statement:**

If \( np \geq 5 \) and \( nq \geq 5 \), estimate \( P(\text{fewer than 3}) \) with \( n = 14 \) and \( p = 0.4 \) by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution; if \( np < 5 \) or \( nq < 5 \), then state that the normal approximation is not suitable.

**Instructions:**

Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice:

- **A.** \( P(\text{fewer than 3}) = \) [Answer Box]
  - (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

- **B.** The normal approximation is not suitable.

---

**Explanation:**

- **Step 1:** Calculate \( np \) and \( nq \)
  - \( np = 14 \cdot 0.4 = 5.6 \)
  - \( nq = 14 \cdot (1 - 0.4) = 14 \cdot 0.6 = 8.4 \)
  
- **Step 2:** Check the conditions
  - Both \( np \) and \( nq \) are greater than or equal to 5, so the normal approximation is suitable.
  
- **Step 3:** Use the normal approximation
  - The mean \( \mu = np = 5.6 \)
  - The standard deviation \( \sigma = \sqrt{npq} = \sqrt{14 \cdot 0.4 \cdot 0.6} \approx 1.833 \)

- **Step 4:** Convert the binomial variable to a standard normal variable
  - Using continuity correction, \( P(X < 3) \) converts to \( P(X < 2.5) \)
  - Standardize: \( Z = \frac{2.5 - 5.6}{1.833} \approx -1.691 \)

- **Step 5:** Find the corresponding probability on the standard normal distribution table
  - \( P(Z < -1.691) \approx 0.0455 \)

So, theoretically, the answer to choice **A** would be approximately \( 0.0455 \
Transcribed Image Text:### Binomial Probability Estimation Using Normal Approximation **Problem Statement:** If \( np \geq 5 \) and \( nq \geq 5 \), estimate \( P(\text{fewer than 3}) \) with \( n = 14 \) and \( p = 0.4 \) by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution; if \( np < 5 \) or \( nq < 5 \), then state that the normal approximation is not suitable. **Instructions:** Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice: - **A.** \( P(\text{fewer than 3}) = \) [Answer Box] - (Round to four decimal places as needed.) - **B.** The normal approximation is not suitable. --- **Explanation:** - **Step 1:** Calculate \( np \) and \( nq \) - \( np = 14 \cdot 0.4 = 5.6 \) - \( nq = 14 \cdot (1 - 0.4) = 14 \cdot 0.6 = 8.4 \) - **Step 2:** Check the conditions - Both \( np \) and \( nq \) are greater than or equal to 5, so the normal approximation is suitable. - **Step 3:** Use the normal approximation - The mean \( \mu = np = 5.6 \) - The standard deviation \( \sigma = \sqrt{npq} = \sqrt{14 \cdot 0.4 \cdot 0.6} \approx 1.833 \) - **Step 4:** Convert the binomial variable to a standard normal variable - Using continuity correction, \( P(X < 3) \) converts to \( P(X < 2.5) \) - Standardize: \( Z = \frac{2.5 - 5.6}{1.833} \approx -1.691 \) - **Step 5:** Find the corresponding probability on the standard normal distribution table - \( P(Z < -1.691) \approx 0.0455 \) So, theoretically, the answer to choice **A** would be approximately \( 0.0455 \
### Using Normal Distribution to Approximate Binomial Probabilities

#### Problem Statement:

Given: 
- \( n = 13 \)
- \( p = 0.5 \)

If \( np \geq 5 \) and \( nq \geq 5 \), estimate \( P(\text{at least 8}) \) using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. If \( np < 5 \) or \( nq < 5 \), state that the normal approximation is not suitable. 

Here, \( q = 1 - p = 0.5 \).

#### Choices:

1. **Choice A**: 
   \[
   P(\text{at least 8}) = \ \_\_\_\_
   \]  
   (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

2. **Choice B**: 
   \[
   \text{The normal distribution cannot be used.}
   \]

#### Notes:
- To apply the normal approximation to the binomial distribution, calculate \( np \) and \( nq \). Check if both are ≥ 5.
- If both conditions are met, use the normal distribution to approximate the binomial probability.
- If either \( np \) or \( nq \) is less than 5, use choice B stating that the normal distribution is not suitable.
Transcribed Image Text:### Using Normal Distribution to Approximate Binomial Probabilities #### Problem Statement: Given: - \( n = 13 \) - \( p = 0.5 \) If \( np \geq 5 \) and \( nq \geq 5 \), estimate \( P(\text{at least 8}) \) using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. If \( np < 5 \) or \( nq < 5 \), state that the normal approximation is not suitable. Here, \( q = 1 - p = 0.5 \). #### Choices: 1. **Choice A**: \[ P(\text{at least 8}) = \ \_\_\_\_ \] (Round to three decimal places as needed.) 2. **Choice B**: \[ \text{The normal distribution cannot be used.} \] #### Notes: - To apply the normal approximation to the binomial distribution, calculate \( np \) and \( nq \). Check if both are ≥ 5. - If both conditions are met, use the normal distribution to approximate the binomial probability. - If either \( np \) or \( nq \) is less than 5, use choice B stating that the normal distribution is not suitable.
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