Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Activity 1.3: Calculate the following different ways of expressing concentration of solutions.
- If 100 L of a gas mixture over a metropolitan area contains 0.006 Oxygen L, how many ppm of CO is present?
- A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of glucose, C6H12O6 in 100g of water. What is the percentage by mass of glucose in the solution?
- What is the molarity of a solution made when 32.7 g of NaOH are dissolved to make 445 mL of solution?
- As an example consider 5 g sugar dissolved in 20 g of water. What is the percentage by volume concentration of sugar in this solution?
- What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.46 mole of solute in 2.0 kg water?
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Activity 1.3: Calculate the following different ways of expressing concentration of
solutions.
1. If 100 L of a gas mixture over a metropolitan area contains 0.006
Oxygen L, how many ppm of CO is present?
2. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of glucose, CSH12O6 in 100g of
water. What is the percentage by mass of glucose in the solution?
3. What is the molarity of a solution made when 32.7 g of NaOH are
dissolved to make 445 mL of solution?
4. As an example consider 5 g sugar dissolved in 20 g of water. What is
the percentage by volume concentration of sugar in this solution?
5. What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.46 mole of solute in 2.0
kg water?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F407018ab-cf7e-46a5-b0c6-d6cdc055f3e5%2F9d095809-8b33-4562-ab2c-95f2cd30288c%2F8w3wasp_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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