Identify whether this example has an internal validity problem. If it does, identify (i) whether the problem is a design confound, a selection effect, or an order effect. Finally, (ii) explain how each of the problematic studies might be changed so that it does not have an internal validity problem. A human factors psychologist is comparing visibility features for automobiles. (Human factors psychologists study how humans interact with the material world.) He plans to test whether drivers will avoid obstacles behind their cars more effectively when the car is equipped with an enhanced rearview mirror, a rear video camera system, or an object detector that sets off a buzzer alarm. He randomly assigns drivers to one of three cars (25 drivers to each type of car). The cars are identical except for their object detectors. The drivers spend 1 hour familiarizing themselves with their vehicles and their object detectors by running through a set of drills on a closed driver’s course. During a test phase, the researcher places a set of objects behind each driver. The test objects range in height, color, and movement. Each driver attempts to back up his or her car while avoiding each of the test objects; the driver gets a score depending on how many object they avoid. The psychologist finds that, on average, drivers respond more accurately to the rear camera video system compared to the rearview mirror or the buzzer alarm.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Identify whether this example has an internal validity problem. If it does, identify (i) whether the problem is a design confound, a selection effect, or an order effect. Finally, (ii) explain how each of the problematic studies might be changed so that it does not have an internal validity problem.

A human factors psychologist is comparing visibility features for automobiles. (Human factors psychologists study how humans interact with the material world.) He plans to test whether drivers will avoid obstacles behind their cars more effectively when the car is equipped with an enhanced rearview mirror, a rear video camera system, or an object detector that sets off a buzzer alarm. He randomly assigns drivers to one of three cars (25 drivers to each type of car). The cars are identical except for their object detectors. The drivers spend 1 hour familiarizing themselves with their vehicles and their object detectors by running through a set of drills on a closed driver’s course. During a test phase, the researcher places a set of objects behind each driver. The test objects range in height, color, and movement. Each driver attempts to back up his or her car while avoiding each of the test objects; the driver gets a score depending on how many object they avoid. The psychologist finds that, on average, drivers respond more accurately to the rear camera video system compared to the rearview mirror or the buzzer alarm.

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