Identify the two characteristic arrow-pushing patterns that are required for this mechanism: O proton transfer O loss of a leaving group O carbocation rearrangement O nucleophilic attack
Reactions of Alkyl and Aryl halides
In organic chemistry, an alkyl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is switched by a halogen in a hydrocarbon or aliphatic compound. An aryl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is substituted by a halogen atom in an aromatic compound. Metals react with aryl halides and alkyl halides and they also go through nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions.
Zaitsev's Rule in Organic Chemistry
Alexander Zaitsev (also pronounced as Saytzeff), in 1875, prepared a rule to help predict the result of elimination reactions which stated, "The favored product in dehydrohalogenation reactions is that alkene that has the majority of alkyl groups attached to the double-bonded carbon atoms."
Tosylate
Tosylates are important functional groups in organic chemistry, mainly because of two important properties which they possess:
Alkyl Halides
A functional group is a collection of several atoms or bonds with certain characteristic chemical properties and reactions associated with it. There is a presence of a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I; it represents any halogen atom), as a functional group in alkyl halides. Therefore, it can be said that alkanes that contain a halogen compound are called alkyl halides.
![The following rate equation has been experimentally established for this process:
Rate = = K[HOT][CH3CH₂Br]
The energy diagram for this process is shown below:
Free
energy
(G)
50
H₂C
H-C-Br
H
Reaction coordinate
CH3
HO-C-H+
H
Identify the two characteristic arrow-pushing patterns that are required for this mechanism:
O
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