Identify the strength of correlation of the two variables in each statement, then, at a 5% level of significance, perform a hypothesis test using Pearson's r or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. I. A group of twelve (12) children participated in a psychological study designed to assess the relationship, if any, between age (years) and average total sleep time (minutes). To obtain a measure for average total sleep time, recordings were taken on each child on five consecutive nights and then averaged. The results obtained are shown in the table. Child Age (years) ATST (Minutes) A 4.4 586 4.9 565 11.9 515 D 9.6 532 12.4 478 F 5.5 560 G 11.1 493 8.6 533 14 575 13.7 490 K 8.1 530 L 7.9 515 Test whether the linear relationship in this sample data effectively models the relationship in the population.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.