Answer both questions please **Question:**Identify the functional group designated by RCOOH.**Options:**- ○ alkane- ○ carboxylic acid- ○ ester- ○ alcohol- ○ aldehyde- ○ ether**Explanation:**The structure RCOOH represents a carboxylic acid functional group. It consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydroxyl group (OH). Carboxylic acids are known for their acidic properties. **Citrus fruits such as grapefruit and oranges may be kept for several weeks without refrigeration. Offer a possible reason why the spoilage rate is not higher.**- Carbohydrates' hydrolysis increases the amount of carbon dioxide gases around the fruit, which prevents its spoilage.- The citrus fruit peel prevents spoilage by serving as a barrier to water vapor.- Citrus fruits contain hydrophilic carbohydrates that prevent spoilage by absorbing moisture from air.- The acid content and the presence of vitamin C prevent spoilage by reducing bacterial growth.

In organic chemistry, functional groups are a group of atoms or moieties which constitute the specific characteristics of chemical reactions involving the molecules. The same function groups have similar physical and chemical characteristics.Functional group which is designated by RCOOH is carboxylic acid. Bacteria are a group of microorganisms which mostly cause spoilage in fruits. Bacteria has a optimum growth in the pH range of 6.5-7. Acidic or low pH inhibits the growth of bacteria. Citrus fruits such as grapefruits, oranges have high citric acid content restricts bacterial growth. Also vitamin C elevate oxidative stress in the bacterial cells by inducing aerobic metabolism. Thus the spoilage rate is low even if it is kept outside of refrigerator. Hence, the correct option is ' The acid content and the presence of vitamin C prevent spoilage by reducing bacterial growth.'