I. Draw the molecular orbital diagram for the valence electrons in the generic, diatomic ion X22*. Each neutral atom of X contains 5 valence electrons. Use the "reversed" energy ordering (for B2, C2, N2) where 02p is higher in energy than n2p. The diagram has been started for you below. Label all molecular orbitals. Energy 2p 2p 2s 2s X atom Molecule X atom II. Calculate the bond order of X22*. III. How would the bond length and bond strength of X22+ compare with neutral X2? Briefly explain why (in about 1 sentence). |
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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