Answered: (i) What is a chemical bond? . ii) List…

(i) What is a chemical bond? . ii) List and locate the different types of bonds that hold particles together in NH4CI (s)

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter12: Chemical Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CR: hat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed...

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3. How many valence electrons are in a C atom? an Cl atom? (a) Write the full Lewis structure for the CH2C2 molecule. Show all lone pairs. Pert (b) Write the geometric structure for the CH2CI2 molecule and name the geometry. (c) Determine if the CH2CI2 molecule has polar or nonpolar bonds using the following electronegativity: C = 2.5, H = 2.1, CI = 3.0. Re-draw the geometric structure below, but this time include partial charges and dipole arrows for any polar bonds present. Justify your assignments for polar or nonpolar bonds.
1. Hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) react to produce water (H2O). (a) Write down the equation for the above reaction. (b) The enthalpy change of reaction is –286 kJ mol-!. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? (c) What kinds of bonds are broken during the reaction? (d) What kinds of bonds are formed during the reaction? (e) Construct a diagram showing the change in enthalpy for the reaction.
Which of the following compounds has both ionic and covalent bond? (a) H2O (b) NH4Cl (c) NaCl (d) HCl
1) Using principles of chemical bonding and/or intermolecular forces, explain each of the following. (a) Xenon has a higher boiling point than neon has. (b) Solid copper is an excellent conductor of electricity, but solid copper chloride is not. (c) SiO2 melts at a very high temperature, while CO2 is a gas at room temperature, even though Si and C are in the same chemical family. (d) Molecules of NF3 are polar, but those of BF3 are not. 2) Using principles of chemical bonding and/or intermolecular forces, explain each of the following: (a) MgCl2 and SiCl4 (b) MgCl2 and MgF2 (c) F2 and Br2 (d) F2 and N2 Note: Please Briefly Explain
In the crystal structure of CsCl (cesium chloride), Cs + ions form the base of a cube while a Cl− ion occupies its center (see Figure 1). Each edge of the cube measures 0.4 nm. Each electron lacks Cs + ions (therefore, the charge of each is + e), while the Cl− ion has one in excess (therefore its charge is -e). (a) What is the magnitude of the resulting electrostatic force exerted by the eight Cs + on the Cl− ion? (b) If one of the Cs + ions is missing, the crystal is said to be imperfect. What is the magnitude of the resulting electrostatic force that the seven Cs + ions then exert on the Cl− ion?
- Classify each compound as ionic or molecular. If it is ionic, determine whether the metal forms only one type of ion or more than one type of ion. (a) CoCl2 (b) CF4 (c) BaSO4 (d) NO
The compound SiO2 does not exist as a discrete molecule while CO2 does. This is because ________. (A) CO2 is a molecular compound, whereas SiO2 is an ionic compound. (B) The SiO2 is solid while CO2 is a gas. (C) The sigma bond between Si and O atoms is very weak. (D) The Si atom does not form a stable pi-bond with the O atom.
Consider the following compounds: BeCl 2 , MgBr 2 , and SrBr 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: (a) Which is expected to have the shortest ionic bonds? (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?
Ionic Bonding 1. Show the transfer of electrons with ↓ notation in the reactions between the following pairs of elements to create an ionic compound. Show the elements as atoms, even though they may exist as diatomic or polyatomic species. (a) Ba and F (b) K and I (c) Cs and S (d) Ca and As (e) Li and N (f) Rb and Se (g) Sr and P (h) Al and Br 2. Write Lewis dot structures for atoms and ions of each of the reactants and products in Exercise 1.
3. The following are some molecules:H2, HF, CO2, H2O, Cl2, NH3, CH4, CHCl3 (a) Which of the above molecules do/does not contain polar bond? Explain your answer. (b) Which covalent bond has the highest bond polarity among the eight molecules? (c) (i) Which of the above molecules are non-polar molecules? (ii) Explain why these molecules are non-polar. 4. (d) Draw a diagram to illustrate the formation of hydrogen bonds in H2O.
Based on Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale, would H2S be considered a polar molecule? Pick the best answer. (a) No. It would technically be considered a non-polar molecule. (b) No. Even though it contains polar bonds they are symmetrical and therefore H2S is non-polar. (c) No. The electronegativity difference between H and S is so great that it would be considered an ionic compound. (d) H2S violates the octet rule and therefore would not even exist
Name each ionic compound. In each of these compounds, the metal forms only one type of ion. (a) Lil (b) MgS (c) BaF2 (d) NaF