Watch the ChemTour animation below on buffers before answering the following question.BUFFERSIntroductionA pH buffer is a solution that can minimize changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base areadded to it.Control of pH is very important for chemical reactions in living systems. Our blood pH is about 7.4,and changes of a few tenths of a pH unit either way can cause serious health consequences. Theblood has a buffer system to help regulate pH.DeathAcidosisAlkalosisDeath6.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.0Section 1 of 141st attemptSee Periodic TableA 1.00 L solution contains 21.52 g of nitrous acid, HNO2. What mass of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, should beadded to it to make a buffer with a pH of 2.76? K, (HNO2) = 4.0 × 10-4.X 143.5Normal国

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i See Periodic Table A 1.00 L solution contains 21.52 g of nitrous acid, HNO2. What mass of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, should be added to it to make a buffer with a pH of 2.76? K, (HNO2) = 4.0 × 10-4. 143.5 g

i See Periodic Table A 1.00 L solution contains 21.52 g of nitrous acid, HNO2. What mass of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, should be added to it to make a buffer with a pH of 2.76? K, (HNO2) = 4.0 × 10-4. 143.5 g

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter16: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14ALQ: . Choose the answer that best completes the following statement and defend your answer. When 100.0...

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. Write the formulas for three combinations of weak acid and salt that would act as buffered solutions. For each of your combinations, write chemical equations showing how the components of the buffered solution would consume added acid and base.
A solution is made by dissolving 15.0 g sodium hydroxide in approximately 450 mL water. The solution becomes quite warm, but after it is allowed to return to room temperature, water is added to bring the volume to 500.0 mL of solution. (a) Calculate the pH and pOH in the final solution. (b) Why would we wait for it to return to room temperature? (c) If the mass of the water used to initially dissolve the sodium hydroxide were exactly 450 g and the temperature of the water increased by 8.865 C, how much heat was given off by the dissolution of 15.0 g of solute? Assume the specific heat of the solution is 4.184 J/g. K. What is the molar heat change for the dissolution of sodium hydroxide (known as the enthalpy of solution, Hsol)?
What is a salt? List some anions that behave as weak bases in water. List some anions that have no basic properties in water. List some cations that behave as weak acids in water. List some cations that have no acidic properties in water. Using these lists, give some formulas for salts that have only weak base properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these basic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have only weak acid properties in water. What strategy would you use to solve for the pH of these acidic salt solutions? Identify some salts that have no acidic or basic properties in water (produce neutral solutions). When a salt contains both a weak acid ion and a weak base ion, how do you predict whether the solution pH is acidic, basic, or neutral?
For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a. the strength of the bond to the acidic hydrogen atom? b. the electronegativity of the element bonded to the oxygen atom that bears the acidic hydrogen? c. the number of oxygen atoms? How does the strength of a conjugate base depend on these factors? What type of solution forms when a nonmetal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide. What type of solution forms when a metal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide.
Blood is buffered mainly by the HCO3 H2CO3 buffer system. The normal pH of blood is 7.40. (a) Calculate the [ H2CO3 ]/[ HCO3 ] ratio. (b) What does the pH become if 15% of the HCO3 ions are converted toH2CO3? (c) What does the pH become if 15% of the H2CO3 molecules converted to HCO3 ions?
Two students were asked to determine the Kb of an unknown base. They were given a bottle with a solution in it. The bottle was labeled aqueous solution of a monoprotic strong acid. They were also given a pH meter, a buret, and an appropriate indicator. They reported the following data: volume of acid required for neutralization = 21.0 mL pH after 7.00 mL of strong acid added = 8.95 Use the students' data to determme the Kb of the unknown base.
A buffer solution has a pH value of 9.8. Which value in the set of pH values 8.79.79.89.910.9 is the most likely value for the buffer solution pH after a. a small amount of strong acid has been added? b. a small amount of strong base has been added?
Vitamin C is ascorbic acid (HC6H7O6), for which Ka is 8.0105. Calculate the pH of a solution made by dissolvinga 500-mg tablet of pure vitamin C in water anddiluting to 100 mL.
Use the same symbols as in Question 61 ( = anion, =OH) for the box below. (a) Fill in a similar box (representing one liter of the same solution) after 2 mol of H+ (2) have been added. Indicate whether the resulting solution is an acid, base, or buffer. (b) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 2 mol of OH- (2 ) have been added. (c) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 5 mol of OH- (5 ) have been added. (Hint: Write the equation for the reaction before you draw the results.)
For the following, mix equal volumes of one solution from Group I with one solution from Group II to achieve the indicated pH. Calculate the pH of each solution. Group I: 0.20 M NH4Cl, 0.20 M HCl, 0.20 M C6H5NH3Cl, 0.20 M (C2H5)3NHCl Group II: 0.20 M KOI, 0.20 M NaCN, 0.20 M KOCl, 0.20 M NaNO2 a. the solution with the lowest pH b. the solution with the highest pH c. the solution with the pH closest to 7.00
Identify two oxides that are key producers of acid rain. Write chemical equations that illustrate how these oxides form acid rain.
Using the diagrams shown in Problem 10-117, which of the solutions would have the greatest buffer capacity, that is, greatest protection against pH change, when the following occurs? a. A strong acid is added to the solution. b. A strong base is added to the solution.