The estimated supply function for avocados is Q = 58 + 15p − 20pf, where pf is the price of fertilizer. Determine how much the supply curve for avocados shifts if the price of fertilizer rises by $1.10 per lb. Illustrate this shift in a diagram. Explain why a change in the price of fertilizer causes a shift in the supply curve for avocados rather than a movement along the supply curve for avocados. Holding the price of fertilizer constant, by how much would the price of avocados need to rise to cause an increase of 60 million lb per month in the quantity of avocados supplied?

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Market Surplus and Shortage Analysis

In everyday language, a “surplus” indicates that there is an excess of something, while a “shortage” means that there is a scarcity of it. In economics, “market surplus” refers to the condition where the quantity of a certain good more available than what is required or “demanded” by the market. In the same way, a “market shortage” refers to the condition where the quantity of a certain good is less available than what is “demanded” by the market. If quantity in demand is written as Qd and quantity that is supplied is written as Qs, then, the condition Qs > Qd indicates market surplus and condition Qd > Qs indicates market shortage.