(i) (ii) (iii) Which of thc following conjugated dyes has the highest degree of conjugation? O (i) (iii) IL is impossible to delermine based on the provided information.
(i) (ii) (iii) Which of thc following conjugated dyes has the highest degree of conjugation? O (i) (iii) IL is impossible to delermine based on the provided information.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Concept explainers
Bond Parameters
Many factors decide the covalent bonding between atoms. Some of the bond parameters are bond angle, bond order, enthalpy, bond length, etc. These parameters decide what kind of bond will form in atoms. Hence it is crucial to understand these parameters in detail and understand how changing these parameters affects the kind of bonding or various characteristics.
Bond Dissociation Energy
The tendency of an atom to attract an electron is known as its electronegativity.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Conjugation in Dye Molecules
Conjugation is a key feature in the chemistry of dyes, impacting their light absorption properties and thereby their color. Below are three conjugated dye molecules represented by their chemical structures. Each dye has a different degree of conjugation based on their structure. Your task is to determine which dye has the highest degree of conjugation.
#### Chemical Structures of Conjugated Dyes
1. **Dye (i)**:
- The structure of Dye (i) features two hexagonal rings (benzene rings) connected by a conjugated system consisting of alternating double and single bonds, flanked by two sulfur-containing heterocycles (possibly thiophene rings).
2. **Dye (ii)**:
- The structure of Dye (ii) shows two hexagonal rings (benzene rings) connected by a longer conjugated system of alternating double and single bonds as compared to Dye (i). This dye also includes two sulfur-containing heterocycles.
3. **Dye (iii)**:
- Dye (iii) has the longest conjugated system among the three, with multiple alternating double and single bonds connecting two hexagonal rings (benzene rings) on both ends. Similar to Dyes (i) and (ii), this dye also features sulfur-containing heterocycles.
#### Question
Which of the following conjugated dyes has the highest degree of conjugation?
- (i)
- (ii)
- (iii)
- It is impossible to determine based on the provided information.
---
**Explanation**:
A higher degree of conjugation typically involves a longer chain of alternating double and single bonds, allowing delocalization of electrons over a larger distance. Comparing the structures of Dyes (i), (ii), and (iii), it can be observed that Dye (iii) has the longest chain of alternating double and single bonds, indicating the highest degree of conjugation among the three.
---
By analyzing the structure of each dye, it's clear that the extent of conjugation increases from Dye (i) to Dye (iii), making Dye (iii) the most conjugated molecule in this set.
![### Understanding the Absorbance Spectrum of an Unknown Compound
The graph displayed illustrates the absorbance spectrum of an unknown compound. The x-axis represents the wavelength of light in nanometers (nm), ranging from 350 nm to 750 nm. The y-axis shows the absorbance, which measures how much light is absorbed by the compound, ranging from 0.0 to 0.5.
A distinct peak in the graph marks the wavelength at which maximum absorbance (\( \lambda_{\text{max}} \)) occurs. This peak is situated at around 600 nm, indicating that the compound absorbs light most strongly at this wavelength.
#### Details of the Graph:
- **X-axis (Wavelength):** 350 nm to 750 nm
- **Y-axis (Absorbance):** 0.0 to 0.5
- **Peak Absorbance (\( \lambda_{\text{max}} \)):** 600 nm
---
**Problem:**
Given that the sample's concentration is 3 µM and the cuvette has a path length of 1 cm, calculate the molar attenuation coefficient at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \).
**Answer Choices:**
A. \( 116,000 \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
B. \( 11,600,000 \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
C. \( 1.16 \times 10^{5} \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
D. It is impossible to determine based on the provided information.
To calculate the molar attenuation coefficient \( \varepsilon \) at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \), we use the Beer-Lambert Law:
\[ A = \varepsilon \cdot c \cdot l \]
Where:
- \( A \) is the absorbance at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \),
- \( c \) is the concentration of the sample,
- \( l \) is the path length of the cuvette.
Inserting the values:
\[ 0.4 = \varepsilon \cdot 3 \times 10^{-6} \text{ M} \cdot 1 \text{ cm} \]
Solving for \( \varepsilon \):
\[ \varepsilon = \frac](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd5ff2530-d022-4d05-82cd-511b83caeaee%2F637b09da-c6c2-440d-a4a9-1e6e0b9b7e4e%2F5t1q6r_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Absorbance Spectrum of an Unknown Compound
The graph displayed illustrates the absorbance spectrum of an unknown compound. The x-axis represents the wavelength of light in nanometers (nm), ranging from 350 nm to 750 nm. The y-axis shows the absorbance, which measures how much light is absorbed by the compound, ranging from 0.0 to 0.5.
A distinct peak in the graph marks the wavelength at which maximum absorbance (\( \lambda_{\text{max}} \)) occurs. This peak is situated at around 600 nm, indicating that the compound absorbs light most strongly at this wavelength.
#### Details of the Graph:
- **X-axis (Wavelength):** 350 nm to 750 nm
- **Y-axis (Absorbance):** 0.0 to 0.5
- **Peak Absorbance (\( \lambda_{\text{max}} \)):** 600 nm
---
**Problem:**
Given that the sample's concentration is 3 µM and the cuvette has a path length of 1 cm, calculate the molar attenuation coefficient at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \).
**Answer Choices:**
A. \( 116,000 \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
B. \( 11,600,000 \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
C. \( 1.16 \times 10^{5} \text{ M}^{-1}\text{cm}^{-1} \)
D. It is impossible to determine based on the provided information.
To calculate the molar attenuation coefficient \( \varepsilon \) at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \), we use the Beer-Lambert Law:
\[ A = \varepsilon \cdot c \cdot l \]
Where:
- \( A \) is the absorbance at \( \lambda_{\text{max}} \),
- \( c \) is the concentration of the sample,
- \( l \) is the path length of the cuvette.
Inserting the values:
\[ 0.4 = \varepsilon \cdot 3 \times 10^{-6} \text{ M} \cdot 1 \text{ cm} \]
Solving for \( \varepsilon \):
\[ \varepsilon = \frac
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY