i) Define the following; Photo ionization. Secondary ionization ii) Derive Townsend's current growth equation.

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A: Given that Acceleration voltage is 40 kV. Now we can find the cuttoff wavelength.

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Q: what effect does ionizing radiation have on water? 12. Why is there concern about changes to matter…

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Q: Nuclear Instruments & Control   Which listed radiation detector type operates by the collection of…

A: Which listed radiation detector type operates by the collection of electrons emitted when a light…

Q: - What is Weizsacher's semi-empirical mass formula? Explain it's each term.

A: Weizsacher's semi-empirical mass formula.E =a1A -a2A23 - a3ZZ-1A13-a4A-2Z2A±,0a5A34

Q: Q1 (a) Explain the sample preparation for non-metallic material before Scanning Electron Microscopy…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts for you.…

Q: Write down a formula for the energy levels of hydrogen

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Q: What is Curie temperature? State the effect of temperature on magnetization of a soft magnet.

A: Curie Temperature :- The temperature at which the magnetic material lost their permanent magnetic…

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Q: How can you "charge" an object? Hint: This is a physics question. A. By adding or removing protons…

A: Required  method to charge a body

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Q: 1) Draw two gas curves below for alpha particles and beta particles detection. 2) Indicate which…

A: Gas curves for detection of alpha and beta particles are shown below The red curve indicates the…

Q: 3. A current of 10 .1 is maintained in the wire for 48 seconds. In this time a) how much charge c)…

A: We are allowed to answer only the first question. For solutions to other questions, please re-post…

Q: Which of the following has highest penetration power? A) α– radiations   B) β– radiations   C) γ–…

A: The penetrating power of a certain radiation depends on the energy and the ionizing power of that…

Q: 23. Which of the following sets of statements is true for alpha, gamma and Beta particles? Alpha-…

A: Answer :- The statement of Gamma (Y) - Rays is true. Because:- (1) Characteristics of Alpha…

Q: ep ionization of tellurous acid.

A: The ionization of acids refers to the process by which acids dissociate or break apart into ions…

Q: What is Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)?

A: Secondary ion mass spectrometry is a surface analysis process known as SIMS, in which ions are…

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Q: State two observations about the alpha particles detected coming from the foil of alpha scattering

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Q: In Thomson's experiment, a voltage of V 900 was used, so the electrons gained a velocity of v, and…

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Q: a) The diagram below shows a plan view of the apparatus used by Rutherford and his team which led…

A: Alpha source in lead collimator, Travelling microscope with phosphorescent screen Gold foil

Q: What is quantum confinement?. Explain the classification of nanomaterials based on quantum…

A: ------- Quantum Confinement---- ----Classification of nanomaterials based on the Quantum…

Q: 2. Spectrum of the specific wavelengths at which compounds absorb 4. is measured in the…

A: Answer 2 : Absorbtion is maximum at around                      510 nm at which all subjects…