I am having trouble answering these problem sets about sex-linked inheritance. Background: Hemophilia is a recessive X linked genetic disorder (refer to BIOL 40 B), a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury. The condition is typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII or factor IX (refer to Bio 40 B Textbook chapter 19 on Blood). Based on a recent study that used data collected on patients receiving care in federally funded hemophilia treatment centers during the period 2012-2018, as many as 33,000 males in the United States are living with the disorder. Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and the Y chromosome from their fathers. Females inherit one X chromosome from each parent. Thus, males can have a disease like hemophilia if they inherit an affected X chromosome that has a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene. Females can also have hemophilia, but this is much rarer. In such cases both X chromosomes are affected or one is affected and the other is missing or inactive. In these females, bleeding symptoms may be similar to males with hemophilia. A female with one affected X chromosome is a “carrier” of hemophilia. Sometimes a female who is a carrier can have symptoms of hemophilia. The carrier female can pass the X chromosome with the clotting factor gene mutation on to her children.
I am having trouble answering these problem sets about sex-linked inheritance.
Background: Hemophilia is a recessive X linked genetic disorder (refer to BIOL 40 B), a medical condition in which the
ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight
injury. The condition is typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII or
factor IX (refer to Bio 40 B Textbook chapter 19 on Blood). Based on a recent study that used data collected
on patients receiving care in federally funded hemophilia treatment centers during the period 2012-2018, as
many as 33,000 males in the United States are living with the disorder.
Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and the Y chromosome from their fathers. Females
inherit one X chromosome from each parent. Thus, males can have a disease like hemophilia if they inherit
an affected X chromosome that has a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene. Females can also
have hemophilia, but this is much rarer. In such cases both X chromosomes are affected or one is affected
and the other is missing or inactive. In these females, bleeding symptoms may be similar to males with
hemophilia. A female with one affected X chromosome is a “carrier” of hemophilia. Sometimes a female
who is a carrier can have symptoms of hemophilia. The carrier female can pass the X chromosome with the
clotting factor gene mutation on to her children.
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