Hyperglycemia is a term used to describe a high glucose concenrtatoin in the blood. Explain how hyperglycemia will affect the following: osmolarity, water potential, and cells in the body.
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Hyperglycemia is a term used to describe a high glucose concenrtatoin in the blood. Explain how hyperglycemia will affect the following: osmolarity, water potential, and cells in the body.
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- Define extracellular material (ECM). Explain how matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases regulates ECMIt is important to maintain optimal pH in the extracellular fluid otherwise illness and death can occur. Explain the mechanisms via which a pH level outside of homeostatic range negatively affects body function.In the stomach, parietal cells are responsible for the formation of the gastric juice. During acid secretion, the pH in the stomach is estimated to be pH = 2, whereas parietal cells maintain an intracellular pH =7.35. The transmembrane potential of parietal cells is typically -70 mV. Body temperature 37°C. 1) Calculate the proton gradient concentration across the parietal membrane 2) Calculate the free energy change associated with the secretion of 1 mole of H* 3) Do you think that Ht transport can be driven by ATP hydrolysis at the ratio of one molecule of ATP per H* transported? You can use your textbook or other sources to check AG for ATP hydrolysis 4) If H* where free to move back to into the cell, calculate the membrane potential that would be required to prevent them to do so
- Gout—a condition that results in joint swelling and pain—is caused by the formation of sodium urate (NaC5H3N4O3) crystals within tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. Sodium urate precipitates out of blood plasma when uric acid levels become abnormally high. This sometimes happens as a result of eating too many rich foods and consuming too much alcohol, which is why gout is sometimes referred to as the “disease of kings.” If the sodium concentration in blood plasma is 0.140 M, and Ksp for sodium urate is 5.76 * 10 - 8, what minimum concentration of urate would result in precipitation?In patients that suffer from diabetes insipidus, a urine sample would show which of the following? Check all that apply. Elevated protein High osmolarity High levels of glucose Blood cells * Low osmolarityinvestigate lactic accumulation and the pH change in the muscle cells. The following are your guide questions: 1) What are the conditions that will promote the formation of lactic acid? 2) What is the effect of elevated lactic acid in the muscle cells, blood, and heart muscle? 3) What is the effect of the pH change (being acidic) in the muscle cells when glucose or fats are used as energy sources? You have to support your report with information coming from books or sources coming from the internet but make sure to get it from credible sites. You may also place pictures or illustrations or even chemical equations in your report. More importantly, make the information simple, concise, and straight to the point. Do not forget to cite the references using the APA format
- What effect might a change in extracellular osmolarity have on the movement of water across cell membranes (you can assume that plasma and interstitial fluid osmolarities are the same)?In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)Describe the importance of salt regulation in the body. Explain how different salts are distributed in the body and how it is gained, stored and lost.
- A 28-year-old woman who is in the final stages of running a marathon on a hot day has regularly consumed Water along the path. She begins to have a severe headache and shows symptoms of being confused. She has been sweating profusely, losing elec- trolytes and, to compensate, has been drinking pure water. Explain the osmotic nature of what is happening in relationship to the movement of water in her blood and brain cells and what should be done to correct the problem.An amino acid mixture consisting of phenylalanine, glycine, and glutamic acid is to be separated by HPLC. The stationary phase is aqueous and the mobile phase is a solvent less polar than water. Which of these amino acids will move the fastest? Which one will move the slowest?Please help me answer this question, more than one answer given may be correct: Figure title: Hemolymph osmolality of crabs during different salinity acclimation. Dash lines represent osmolality of 5 ppt, 25 ppt and 33 ppt seawater (from bottom up). Significant differences are indicated by letters (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison). From this figure you can determine that these crabs are Question 21 options: limited osmoregulators strict osmoregulators strict osmoconformers limited oxyconformers strict oxyconformers