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ㅐㅐ HX H I H He H 80: H -0 Li Li H₂ THE A H 시내 41 Hoo :: 년

ㅐㅐ HX H I H He H 80: H -0 Li Li H₂ THE A H 시내 41 Hoo :: 년

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.

The image illustrates a multi-step chemical reaction sequence, often found in organic synthesis. 1. **First Reaction (Initial Compounds):** - The top box presents a grignard-type reagent formation. The structure on the left indicates an alkyl chain with a carbonyl group (a ketone) bonded to lithium ion (\( \text{Li}^+ \)). - On the right, an alkyl aluminum hydride complex is shown, identified by an aluminum center bonded to hydrogen atoms. 2. **Second Reaction (Reagent Addition):** - The reaction proceeds by mixing these compounds in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF), a solvent often used in organometallic chemistry. - This yields a structure where the lithium ion is coordinating with the oxygen of the ketone, while aluminum interacts with the carbonyl carbon. 3. **Third Reaction (Protonation Step):** - Subsequently, hydronium ion (\( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \)) is introduced, resulting in protonation. - The final products are alcohol and an alkane, as noted by the formation of an alcohol group through the reduction of the original carbonyl. This reaction sequence demonstrates a reduction of a carbonyl compound using an organometallic reagent, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.
Transcribed Image Text:The image illustrates a multi-step chemical reaction sequence, often found in organic synthesis. 1. **First Reaction (Initial Compounds):** - The top box presents a grignard-type reagent formation. The structure on the left indicates an alkyl chain with a carbonyl group (a ketone) bonded to lithium ion (\( \text{Li}^+ \)). - On the right, an alkyl aluminum hydride complex is shown, identified by an aluminum center bonded to hydrogen atoms. 2. **Second Reaction (Reagent Addition):** - The reaction proceeds by mixing these compounds in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF), a solvent often used in organometallic chemistry. - This yields a structure where the lithium ion is coordinating with the oxygen of the ketone, while aluminum interacts with the carbonyl carbon. 3. **Third Reaction (Protonation Step):** - Subsequently, hydronium ion (\( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \)) is introduced, resulting in protonation. - The final products are alcohol and an alkane, as noted by the formation of an alcohol group through the reduction of the original carbonyl. This reaction sequence demonstrates a reduction of a carbonyl compound using an organometallic reagent, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.
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