Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons.Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps.Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. all one question **Problem 22 of 50**This diagram depicts a multi-step chemical reaction involving sodium amide (NaNH₂) as a reagent. The process is broken down into a sequence of transformations between organic molecules, highlighted by dashed boxes indicating the regions where reaction arrows need to be added. Here's a detailed explanation:1. **First Reaction Step:** - **Inputs**: An organic molecule with a sodium (Na) attached, possibly a polarized anionic species, reacts with NaNH₂. - **Output**: The structure transforms, preparing for subsequent steps. The specific transformations (bond formation/breaking) are indicated by the necessity to "Select to Add Arrows."2. **Second Reaction Step:** - **Inputs**: The modified organic molecule reacts with methyl bromide (CH₃Br). - **Output**: The reaction leads to another molecular transformation, again requiring arrows to indicate reaction mechanism steps.3. **Third Reaction Step:** - **Inputs**: The next stage sees further treatment with NaNH₂. - **Output**: This step begins to prepare the molecule for the final transformation, with molecular adjustments shown.4. **Fourth Reaction Step:** - **Inputs**: The compound is then reacted with ethyl bromide (CH₃CH₂Br). - **Output**: The final product is formed, with additional areas indicating where to "Select to Add Arrows" to complete the mechanism.**Note:** Each transformation requires the user to determine the appropriate arrow placement to indicate electron movement and reaction steps, crucial for understanding underlying chemical processes such as nucleophilic substitution or elimination. ### Problem 25 of 50: Grignard Reaction Mechanism#### OverviewThis image displays a sequence of chemical reactions involving the conversion of an organic compound through the use of lithium (Li) and ammonia (NH₃). The workflow is part of a Grignard Reaction, a crucial process in organic chemistry for forming carbon-carbon bonds.#### Reaction Steps:1. **Initial Compound**: The starting molecule is a linear hydrocarbon chain with a double bond.2. **First Reaction with Lithium (Li)**: - The compound reacts with lithium, indicated by an arrow pointing to the right. This step likely involves the formation of an organolithium intermediate. - The intermediate product is not fully detailed, but instructions indicate that reaction mechanisms can be added ("Select to Add Arrows").3. **First Reaction with Ammonia (NH₃)**: - The next step involves adding ammonia. An arrow points downward to show the reaction direction. - The specific transformation is not described; however, ammonia often acts as a nucleophile or base in such reactions.4. **Second Lithium Reaction**: - A subsequent reaction with lithium is indicated, with an arrow pointing to the left. This suggests another transformation involving an organolithium compound. - Again, the detailed mechanism is implied by the instruction to add arrows.5. **Final Reaction with Ammonia (NH₃)**: - The final step involves a second interaction with ammonia, shown by another downward arrow. - The nature of this transformation adds further complexity to the product.#### Key Considerations:- The sequence illustrates the iterative nature of organic synthesis, with multiple steps fine-tuning the structure of the compound.- The use of arrows to indicate the addition of reaction mechanisms suggests the importance of understanding each transformation's underlying chemistry.This series of reactions highlights the flexibility and adaptability of lithium and ammonia in organic synthesis, demonstrating the versatility of Grignard reactions for constructing complex molecular architectures.

Alkynes show electrophilic addition reactions like addition of halogens, addition of halogen acids…

Answered: Curved arrows are used to illustrate…

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...