Human Papillomaviruses are characterised by all of the following EXCEPT A genome of double-stranded circular DNA encoding around eight open reading frame These viruses are small naked and icosahedral They replicate in dividing cells and encodes three oncogenic proteins E5, E6 and E7 These viruses transmit primarily by nosocomial infection in hospitals HPV serotypes 14, 16, 18, 31, 45 are known to cause cervical cancer Rotarix is a vaccine indicated for the prevention of Rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by G1 and non-G1 types (G3, G4, and G9). Which of the following is NOT correct regards this vaccine? following immunisation, children may become irritable and experience diarrhoea ill infants or who born with SCID should not be immunized is live-attenuated vaccine derived from the G1P[8] rotavirus strain is prepared for IV administration is given in two doses None of the above Internationally, which clinical sample, at minimum, is used to diagnose COVID-19? Lung biopsy Blood Faeces samples oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab lower respiratory specimens: sputum (if produced) endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with more severe respiratory disease All of the above Any of D, E, and/or F Any of A, B, and/or C

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.