How was the enzyme that makes RNA within the cell found, initially discovered to have two components, and the roles of these components? Discuss the protocols for column chromatography, electrophoresis, and in-vitro RNA synthesis.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
- How was the enzyme that makes RNA within the cell found, initially discovered to have two components, and the roles of these components? Discuss the protocols for column chromatography, electrophoresis, and in-vitro RNA synthesis.
Introduction
Enzymes are biological molecules, typically proteins, that catalyze or speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Enzymes are involved in virtually all biochemical processes that occur in cells, including metabolism, DNA replication, and protein synthesis. Enzymes function by binding to a specific substrate, or reactant molecule, and facilitating its conversion into a product molecule through a series of chemical reactions.
Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that they typically catalyze only one type of chemical reaction or a specific subset of chemical reactions. Enzymes can be regulated by a variety of mechanisms, including inhibition by specific molecules or activation by other enzymes.
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