How to use Use 1H NMR Data to Determine a Structure ?

Answered: How to use Use 1H NMR Data to Determine…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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How to use Use ¹H NMR Data to Determine a Structure ?

Expert Solution

Step 1

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a technique of determination of the structure of the compound with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecule of substance.

Step 2

The following steps should be followed in sequence in order to determine the structure of the given compound:

The degree of unsaturation of the structure of the given chemical formula is determined. The presence of aromatic ring is indicated by the value equal or greater than 4.
The presence of functional groups like C=O, C=C, OH, NH etc and the number and types of non-equivalent carbon atoms in the structure of the compound are pre-determined by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
The proton NMR or ¹H NMR expresses the chemical shift of different hydrogen atoms present in the structure of the compound. The following chemical shifts indicate the possibility of following compounds:
The chemical shift of 7-8 ppm represents aromatic compound.
The chemical shift of 10-11 ppm represents aldehyde.
The chemical shift of 12- 15 ppm represents carboxylic acid.
The chemical shift of 2-5 ppm broad represents alcohol or amine.

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