How to use Use 1H NMR Data to Determine a Structure ?

Answered: How to use Use 1H NMR Data to Determine…

Organic Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305080485

Author:John E. McMurry

Publisher:John E. McMurry

Chapter13: Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Section13.SE: Something Extra

Problem 50AP: How could you use 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy to help you distinguish between the following...

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How to use Use ¹H NMR Data to Determine a Structure ?

Expert Solution

Step 1

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a technique of determination of the structure of the compound with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecule of substance.

Step 2

The following steps should be followed in sequence in order to determine the structure of the given compound:

The degree of unsaturation of the structure of the given chemical formula is determined. The presence of aromatic ring is indicated by the value equal or greater than 4.
The presence of functional groups like C=O, C=C, OH, NH etc and the number and types of non-equivalent carbon atoms in the structure of the compound are pre-determined by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
The proton NMR or ¹H NMR expresses the chemical shift of different hydrogen atoms present in the structure of the compound. The following chemical shifts indicate the possibility of following compounds:
The chemical shift of 7-8 ppm represents aromatic compound.
The chemical shift of 10-11 ppm represents aldehyde.
The chemical shift of 12- 15 ppm represents carboxylic acid.
The chemical shift of 2-5 ppm broad represents alcohol or amine.

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