### Understanding Loop Execution in Assembly LanguageIn this example, we will analyze a simple loop written in Assembly language to determine how many times it executes.```assemblymov cx, 5 ; Initialize register CX with 5mov bx, 0 ; Initialize register BX with 0L1: ; Label L1 dec cx ; Decrement CX by 1 inc bx ; Increment BX by 1 jnz L1 ; Jump to L1 if CX is not zero```#### Explanation:1. **Initialization**: - The instruction `mov cx, 5` sets the register `CX` to 5. - The instruction `mov bx, 0` sets the register `BX` to 0.2. **Loop Execution**: - The label `L1` marks the beginning of the loop. - The instruction `dec cx` decrements the value in `CX` by 1. - The instruction `inc bx` increments the value in `BX` by 1. - The instruction `jnz L1` checks if `CX` is not zero; if true, it jumps back to label `L1`. If `CX` is zero, the loop terminates.3. **Iteration Count**: - The loop continues until the value in `CX` is decremented to zero. Since `CX` starts at 5 and is decremented by 1 in each iteration, the loop executes 5 times. - During each iteration, `BX` is incremented by 1. After 5 iterations, `CX` will be 0, causing the `jnz L1` instruction to fail its condition and terminate the loop. At this point, `BX` will have been incremented from 0 to 5.#### Conclusion:The loop executes **5 times**.By understanding the flow of this simple Assembly loop, one can gain insights into the basic operation of loops in low-level programming.

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How many times does this loop? mov cx, 5 mov bx, 0 L1: dec cx inc bx jnz L1

Database System Concepts

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ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

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Question

### Understanding Loop Execution in Assembly Language

In this example, we will analyze a simple loop written in Assembly language to determine how many times it executes.

```assembly
mov cx, 5 ; Initialize register CX with 5
mov bx, 0 ; Initialize register BX with 0

L1: ; Label L1
dec cx ; Decrement CX by 1
inc bx ; Increment BX by 1
jnz L1 ; Jump to L1 if CX is not zero
```

#### Explanation:

1. **Initialization**:
- The instruction `mov cx, 5` sets the register `CX` to 5.
- The instruction `mov bx, 0` sets the register `BX` to 0.

2. **Loop Execution**:
- The label `L1` marks the beginning of the loop.
- The instruction `dec cx` decrements the value in `CX` by 1.
- The instruction `inc bx` increments the value in `BX` by 1.
- The instruction `jnz L1` checks if `CX` is not zero; if true, it jumps back to label `L1`. If `CX` is zero, the loop terminates.

3. **Iteration Count**:
- The loop continues until the value in `CX` is decremented to zero. Since `CX` starts at 5 and is decremented by 1 in each iteration, the loop executes 5 times.
- During each iteration, `BX` is incremented by 1.

After 5 iterations, `CX` will be 0, causing the `jnz L1` instruction to fail its condition and terminate the loop. At this point, `BX` will have been incremented from 0 to 5.

#### Conclusion:

The loop executes **5 times**.

By understanding the flow of this simple Assembly loop, one can gain insights into the basic operation of loops in low-level programming.

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