Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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The molecular structure displayed consists of a six-carbon chain with the following substituents:
- A chlorine (Cl) atom attached to the second carbon.
- A methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) group attached to the third carbon.
- A bromine (Br) atom attached to the fourth carbon.
To determine the number of stereoisomers for this molecule, we need to consider the chiral centers within the structure. A chiral center (or stereocenter) is typically a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.
The carbon atoms in positions 2, 3, and 4 seem to meet this criterion:
1. Carbon 2 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom (implied in the structure but not shown)
- A chlorine (Cl) atom
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
- A propyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
2. Carbon 3 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom
- A methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) group
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Cl)
- A butyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br)
3. Carbon 4 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom
- A bromine (Br) atom
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
- A butyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>3</sub>)
Each of these carbon atoms represents a potential chiral center.
In general, for a molecule with n chiral centers, the number of possible stereoisomers is \( 2^n \).
Thus, in this case, with three chiral centers, there could be up to \( 2^3 = 8 \) stereoisomers.
However, the exact number of stereoisomers also depends on symmetrical aspects and other intricacies which can sometimes reduce the number of stereoisomers.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff6b57570-0ade-4820-a1c0-5c3ac633cdf5%2F8374c2eb-7e25-4700-bbae-55b16123cec3%2Fk0akq1b_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**How many stereoisomers exist for the following molecule?**
The molecular structure displayed consists of a six-carbon chain with the following substituents:
- A chlorine (Cl) atom attached to the second carbon.
- A methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) group attached to the third carbon.
- A bromine (Br) atom attached to the fourth carbon.
To determine the number of stereoisomers for this molecule, we need to consider the chiral centers within the structure. A chiral center (or stereocenter) is typically a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.
The carbon atoms in positions 2, 3, and 4 seem to meet this criterion:
1. Carbon 2 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom (implied in the structure but not shown)
- A chlorine (Cl) atom
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
- A propyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
2. Carbon 3 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom
- A methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) group
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Cl)
- A butyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br)
3. Carbon 4 is bonded to:
- A hydrogen atom
- A bromine (Br) atom
- An ethyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)
- A butyl group (–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>3</sub>)
Each of these carbon atoms represents a potential chiral center.
In general, for a molecule with n chiral centers, the number of possible stereoisomers is \( 2^n \).
Thus, in this case, with three chiral centers, there could be up to \( 2^3 = 8 \) stereoisomers.
However, the exact number of stereoisomers also depends on symmetrical aspects and other intricacies which can sometimes reduce the number of stereoisomers.
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