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- The diagram below shows three different proteins embedded in a cell membrane, as well as the concentration gradient surrounding the cell high concentration channel protein carrier protein lipid bilayer 1 21 3 low concentration Which of the following statements correctly states the process shown in the diagram? O The process labeled 1 shows how cells can easily move molecules with the concentration gradient using high energy molecules. The process labeled 2 shows how cells move molecules against the co entration gradient without needing hic energy molecules The process labeled 3 shows how cells use energy to facilitate the active transport of molecules against the concentration gradient All three processes show how molecules freely move in and out of the cell regardless of the concentration gradient or available en PreviousThe binding of sodium ions (Na+) to a membrane protein is one of the first steps in initiation of the sodium-potassium pump that moves these ions across the membrane. The picture shows the inital set up in this process. How does the protein get the energy needed to continue the process of moving the (Na+) across the cell membrane? Membrane Protein ONa+ Inside the Cell A. O O Nat oc Outside the Cell Con Mitochondria will attach to the protein and provide the energy to push the Na+ through the protein. Energy from ADP is released and a channel in the membrane protein permanently B. opens, resulting in the passage of the Nat. Energy produced from the difference in solute concentration on both sides of the O c. membrane pulls the Na+ through the protein. Con с ATP attaches to the protein and releases a phosphate, making energy available to OD. change the shape of the protein and allowing the passage of the Nat.What is the role of lysozyme and a low ionic strength extraction buffer? Select all that apply. Cells absorb water from a low ionic strength extraction buffer, by osmosis, swell and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the cellulose cell wall of plants, weakening the structure Cells release water into a low ionic strength extraction buffer by osmosis, shrink and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme is an enzyme found in lysosomes in cells Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, weakening the structure Lysozyme is an antibiotic found in tears, saliva, human milk and mucus.
- You are studying the rate of actin polymerization and depolymerization in an in-vitro hypothetical system. The G actin concentration in the solution of the experimental setup is 0.3μm. Based on the data values predict the outcome of the experiment. Please note that X or Y ends can be "any end" of the actin filament. -1 X end actin: Association rate: 10 µmS-¹ ; Dissociation rate: 2.5 µmS-¹ Y end actin: Association rate: 5 µmS-¹ ; Dissociation rate: 2.5 µmS-¹ O The X end of the actin filament will grow. O Neither X or Y end of the filament will grow. O The Y end of the actin filament will grow. O There is not sufficient data to predict theExplain (using the correct terminology and drawing an image) what happens to the cells in the following environments: A human blood cell (0.9% salt) is placed in a saltwater tank (27.5% salt). - A bacterial cell with 35% organic material in their cytoplasm is living in a tank filled with 35% sulfur. - A freshwater plant cell (75% water) is living in a pond that floods over.If you did a classic Pulse-Chase experiment to follow the path of a secreted protein, and you forgot to do the Chase, which of the following would you observe? No radioactivity would be seen in any of the structures. Radioactivity would increase first in rough ER, then Golgi Complex, then secretory vesicles, but it would remain high in all, never decreasing. Nothing would change Radioactivity would increase in all 3 structures simultaneously and stay high.
- Identify the cytoskeletal element being described in each statement below. Note, possible answers include: Microtubules only Microfilaments only Intermediate filaments only Microtubules AND microfilaments All 34) Consider the synaptic vesicle cycle i shown below: Budding Endosome fusion NT Early endosome H+ ii iii iv Ca2+ Plasma membrane Synaptic cleft a) In your own words, describe each step highlighted below. Include key molecular events in your description: į, ii. ii. iv. V. b) Which mode of synaptic vesicle recycling is shown above?The drug cytocholasin is known to bind to the ends of actin fibers. It does not affect striated muscle contraction, but it completely inhibits motility and changes in cell shape in eukaryotic cells. What do these findings suggest?
- : Yeast cells adapt to cold environments by and the length of the phospholipid tails the number of saturated fatty acid tails in the plasma membrane. Increasing....... Decreasing b. Decreasing....... Increasing C. Decreasing ....... Decreasing d. Increasing ....... Increasing Bacterial cells adapt to high temperatures by the length and the amount of saturated fatty acid tails in the plasma membrane. Increasing ...... Decreasing b. Decreasing....... Increasing C. Decreasing....... Decreasing d. Increasing....... IncreasingIf water is moving rapidly into a cell with a large cell wall extensibility, then you would expect which of the following a small increase in Yp would produce a large increase in cell size O a large increase in cell size requires a large Yp O the initiation of cellulose synthase rosettes a cell wall with extensive crosslinking producing a flexible wall O a large amount of pressure is required to initiate cell wall extensionAnswer the following question in few paragraphs: The actual network and the microtubule network within a cell display very similar assembly kinetics yet has drastically different mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of the individual networks. Compare and contrast the dynamics, both assembly and disassembly, of Actin and microtubules. Be sure to elaborate why these distinctions exist.