) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate? 2 Mole mannose 2 Mole lactose mole glycerol
a) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate?
- 2 Mole mannose
- 2 Mole lactose
- mole glycerol.
b) Name three
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Glycolysis is the collection of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions that oxidises a 1 molecule of 6-carbon glucose into two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. ATP and NADH are also byproducts of glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. ATP from glycolysis comes from substrate-level phosphorylation.
Under aerobic conditions, NADH enters The Electron Transport Chain to regenerate NAD+. ETC consist of four protein complexes called Complex I, II, III and IV embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transport electron from electron donors (NADH/FADH2) to electron acceptor Oxygen. During this process of electron transfer from NADH/FADH2 to oxygen, protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria to generate a proton gradient that is needed by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP. ATP from ETC are generated from oxidative phosphorylation.
Under anaerobic conditions, NADH is used by Lactate dehydrogenase that converts pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis and this conversion generates no ATP. So under anaerobic conditions, ATP is generated from substrate-level phosphorylation.
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