How is DNA microarray used in detecting cancer?
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via phosphodiester bond. It acts as the genetic material of organisms that holds information of structure and functions of a cell. The DNA molecule is passed down from one generation to the next during reproduction. DNA of every organism has some unique sequences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have variation in a single a single nucleotide.
DNA microarray is a technique that helps in recognition of the sequences present in the DNA of an organism. In involves ASOs (allele specific oligonucleotides) attached to a solid support and fluorescently- labelled DNA fragments are allowed to bind to its complementary ASO. Correct binding gives fluorescence signal and thus presence of the complementary sequence can be detected.
It is an important tool as it can be used in detecting the variation among individuals and the genetic basis of any disease. Determination of DNA sequence responsible for a particular function can also be done using this technique. Effective and targeted drugs thus can be developed against any genetic disorder.
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