How is a muscle designed for overcoming greater load different from a muscle designed for sustaining prolonged contraction? Include sensory inputs and motor control, energy sources, types of fibers, and other aspects of muscle contraction that you use as bases for comparison. can be presented in a tabular form

How is a muscle designed for overcoming greater load different from a muscle designed for sustaining prolonged contraction? Include sensory inputs and motor control, energy sources, types of fibers, and other aspects of muscle contraction that you use as bases for comparison. can be presented in a tabular form

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter6: The Muscular System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7SQ

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In an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.
Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve use
What are the features of contraction of the muscle shown below? Copy and complete the table below. Speed of contraction Innervation/neural input Types of neurotransmitter receptors on the muscle Source of calcium Regulatory protein that binds calcium Description
Indicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.
Skeletal muscle cell(key terms: striated, contracting proteins, contractions, nucleus location) The function (or job) of a muscle cell is:
Describe in detail the events that happen at the neuromuscular junction leading to excitation-contraction coupling and muscle contraction.. Single line text.
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxation
Name the characteristics of muscles. Name the muscle functions. Name the types of muscles and mention to characteristics of each. Name the organization of muscle tissue from largest to the smallest. Name the major parts of a muscle fiber. Name the three layers of connective tissue membranes in muscles and mention to their locations. Define the structure of a sarcomere. Explain the sliding filament mechanism. Name the stages of sliding filaments in order. Briefly explain each. Explain the structure of NMJ and name the steps of muscle stimulation in order. Name the sources of muscle energy and briefly explain each. Define a motor unit. Name the stages of a muscle twitch in order. Define wave summation, unfused and fused tetanus. Name the types of muscle contraction and briefly explain each. Chapter 12 You should be able to: Classify the nervous system in to two major parts. Name the organs in CNS and PNS. Name the two major types of nerves and mention to their numbers. Mention to…
Distinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.
Which statement or statements describe the role of calcium in the stimulation of muscle fibers? Select all that apply. When the action potential reaches the axon terminals of a neuron, calcium channels open and calcium floods into the axon terminal, triggering the release of synaptic vesicles. When calcium ions flood out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they bind troponin molecules and troponin removes tropomyosin from the active sites on thin filaments. When myosin thick filaments are walking along actin thin filaments (the cross bridge cycle), calcium ions must be available to bind to myosin so that it can let go of the thin filaments and take another "step". When synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of axon terminals, calcium is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the motor end plate.
Each of the pairs of phrases below describe steps during skeletal muscie contraction. The 2nd phrase should take place after the 1st phrase. Which of the pairs of phrases is out of order? muscle cell action potential leads to neurotransmitter release motor neuron action potential leads to muscle cell action potential sarcolemma depolarization leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium rise in cytosolic calcium leads to cross bridge cycle
A) Assuming that each individual muscle fiber generates the same amount of tension, which of the following skeletal muscles will produce the greatest amount of overall tension when fully stimulated? Muscle Total Number of Muscle Fibers in Muscle A 150 B 1000 C 600 Group of answer choices Muscle A Muscle B Muscle C B)The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.