HOW EACH THEORIES APPLIED IN TEACHING ACCOUNTING. PLEASE DO NOT COPY THE ANSWER OF OTHER TUTOR HERE BECAUSE I'M NOT SATISFIED WITH THEIR ANSWERS. Theories Proponent What is the theory about? How is it applied in teaching accounting? Behaviorism John Watson and B.F Skinner Behaviorism is a learning theory that claims that all human actions are learned via conditioning. According to Skinner, behaviorism could be explained as a learning process whereby a person learns to acknowledge a stimulus, which causes and response, and the response is then reinforced. This finally leads to conditioning one's behavior. Thus behaviorism is a learning process through conditioning of the stimulus, along with reward and punishment. Watson on the other hand focuses on the external behaviors of a man.  He held that the only indication of a person's internal state came from their physical reactions. In conclusion, behaviorism emphasizes how interactions with the environment help people learn new behaviors.   Salivating Dog Pavlov The theory of Salivating dog, established by Ivan Pavlov is referred to as Classical Conditioning. In this experiment, the dog was given food after a bell was rung. After repeating the experiment, Pavlov discovered how the dogs would salivate in the presence of any trigger associated with the food. The dog was thus conditioned to the sound of the bell and the food, which induced its salivation. Thus, the response was conditioned, which reacted to the conditioned stimulus (bell). This was known as classical conditioning, whereby the dog learned through association with the stimulus, to which it was conditioned.   Operant Conditioning Throndike Operant Conditioning (OC) is a theory of behavior that holds that an actor's perception of the consequences influences how often or frequently they will engage in an activity. Thorndike explains this theory by referring to human's innate desire to obtain rewards and avoid punishments, by establishing a link between environmental cues and behavioral responses. Based on these cues, that determine the levels of rewards and punishment, the behavior is expected to be according to these magnitudes of rewards or punishment. In other words, rewarding a behavior more likely encourages that particular behavior than a continuous pattern of reinforcement schedule.    Assertive discipline Lee Canter The importance of the teacher is emphasized by assertive discipline, by establishing rules, and disciplinary actions, and balancing between positive and negative reinforcements. According to this theory, in order to fully dominate the classroom, the teacher must be assertive: This can be done through verbal communication to set boundaries and expectations. He or she accomplishes this by taking charge and establishing clear behavioral expectations for pupils, along with clearly stating the advantages and disadvantages of following or disregarding those expectations.   Assertive Teacher Model Bill Rogers Bill Rogers through his teaching model emphasized largely three tactics to ensure that the teacher establishes his or her assertiveness in a classroom. This includes preventing, correcting, and supporting. Preventing the students from carrying out any undesirable actions and planning out the consequences of good behavior; adopting a nonconfrontation approach to correct students establishes a positive learning environment; supporting and acknowledging students' hard work enables the latter to build confidence.    Classroom Management  Rudolph Dreikur Dreikur establishes the reasons why students misbehave - to be acceptable and gain attention. In order to combat those, he pointed out certain classroom management skills that emphasized mutual respect as the fundamental aspect of the discipline which further motivates students to portray positive behaviors.    Pragmatism Charles Sanders Peirce Pragmatism is emphasized largely as a mechanism of inquiry and establishing meanings. It states that statements can only turn meaningful if it has pragmatic significance. This is necessary for scientific disciplines like metaphysics.    Nationalism Jonathan Herbart  Herbart explains Nationalism in a modernist paradigm by drawing a connection between modern and premodern societies. Nationalism could be found through moral and intellectual development.  This included inner freedom, justice, and benevolence which were brought out through education