Q: List the effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation on different effector organs. In each case, indicate…
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Q: From what structure are epinephrine and norepinephrinereleased following sympathetic stimulation?
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Q: During a sympathetic nervous system response to an event, your heart rate increases, indicating the…
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- Briefly describe the series of events that takesplace when cAMP acts as a second messenger.Heroin (diamorphine) is: O an opioid receptor antagonist. O a long-acting opioid agonist that produces dysphoria. O a drug that is metabolised in humans to morphine. a drug with high liability for physical dependence and low liability for psychological dependence. Question 4 Cocaine exerts sympathomimetic activity by: O acting directly as an agonist at alpha 1-adrenoceptors. inhibiting the re-uptake of noradrenaline at axon terminal sympathetic neurons. O inhibiting alpha 1-adrenoceptors. O inhibiting the breakdown of noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase.List examples of second messengers, and explain how they exerttheir effects.
- Using the adrenal medulla as an example, describe how the autonomic system achieves tonic control.Which of the chemical messengers in the nervous system acts as a neuromodulator and has effects similar to opiates?List the effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation on different effector organs. In each case, indicate whether the effect is due to alpha- or beta-receptor stimulation.
- During the stress response, glucocorticoids and catecholamines work synergistically (together) to exert what effect? Question 2 options: to promote immune suppression to promote vasoconstriction to promote vigilance and arousal to promote hyperglycemiaEpinephrine binds to both β-adrenergic and α-adrenergic receptors. Describe the opposite actions on the effector protein, adenylyl cyclase, elicited by the binding of epinephrine to these two types of receptors. Describe the effect of adding an agonist or antagonist to a β-adrenergic receptor on the activity of adenylyl cyclase.During exercise, how does sympathetic nervous systemactivity regulate blood glucose levels? Name fivehormones that interact to ensure that the brain and themuscles have adequate energy sources during exercise,and explain the role of each.
- Explain the mechanism which underlies the cardiovascular affects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in terms of the distribution od adrenergic receptor types.During a sympathetic nervous system response to an event, your heart rate increases, indicating the part of the heart responsible for controlling heart rate (the sinoatrial node) is innervated by sympathetic nerves. The SA node is also responsive to epinephrine,a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla. Explain why the onset of the effect of the hormone is so much slower than the onset of the effect from sympathetic nerve stimulation and yet the effect of the hormone lasts much longer than the effect of nerve stimulation.The following compounds exhibit little to no adrenergic receptor function. Consider what components of adrenaline and noradrenaline are necessary for their action as agonists in light of this knowledge. Explain your response. Assume that the pH of the body is 7.