Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
How does the control of gene expression in prokaryotes differ from that of eukaryotes?
The gene expression the process in which the genetic information present in the DNA (gene) is copied to the functional product such as proteins. The gene expression occurred in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the process of gene expression takes place via two major steps, Transcription and Translation. In the transcription- the gene carrying genetic information for the formation of protein is copied into the mRNA. The copied information in the mRNA is then translated into the protein in the second step of gene expression i.e. translation.
The genomes of eukaryotic organisms are considerably larger than those of prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged in chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. Chromatin condensation plays an important role in permitting or blocking transcription. This packaging of DNA is not present in prokaryotes like bacteria. Therefore, complex gene regulation patterns are observed in eukaryotes.
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