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How do you use a Latimer diagram to know which Cr species are disproportionate? Cr(VI) 0.55 V 0.95 V Cr(V) 1.34 V 1.38 V Cr(IV) 1.72 V 2.1 V - 0.74 V -0.424 V -0.90 V Cr(III) Cr(II) Cr(0

How do you use a Latimer diagram to know which Cr species are disproportionate? Cr(VI) 0.55 V 0.95 V Cr(V) 1.34 V 1.38 V Cr(IV) 1.72 V 2.1 V - 0.74 V -0.424 V -0.90 V Cr(III) Cr(II) Cr(0

Chemistry
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Understanding Latimer Diagrams: Chromium Species Disproportionation** A Latimer diagram is a useful tool for visualizing the standard electrode potentials associated with the reduction of different oxidation states of an element, in this case, chromium (Cr). The diagram helps in identifying which species of an element might disproportionate under certain conditions. ### Chromium Latimer Diagram Explained: - The diagram lists different oxidation states of chromium from left to right: Cr(VI), Cr(V), Cr(IV), Cr(III), Cr(II), and Cr(0). - Each arrow between adjacent species represents a reduction reaction, labeled with a standard reduction potential (in volts). - **Cr(VI) to Cr(V):** 0.55 V - **Cr(V) to Cr(IV):** 1.34 V - **Cr(IV) to Cr(III):** 2.1 V - **Cr(III) to Cr(II):** -0.424 V - **Cr(II) to Cr(0):** -0.90 V There are additional reduction pathways shown for: - **Cr(VI) to Cr(IV):** 0.95 V - **Cr(VI) to Cr(III):** 1.38 V - **Cr(IV) to Cr(0):** 1.72 V - **Cr(III) to Cr(0):** -0.74 V ### Determining Disproportionation: In a Latimer diagram, a species is likely to undergo disproportionation if the potential to the left is more positive than the potential to the right (when considering neighboring species in terms of oxidation state). - **Cr(IV):** Potential to Cr(IV) (2.1 V) is greater than potential from Cr(IV) (1.34 V), suggesting Cr(IV) is stable and doesn't disproportionate. - **Cr(III):** Potential from Cr(III) to Cr(II) is -0.424 V, whereas potential from Cr(III) to Cr(IV) is higher (2.1 V), indicating it could disproportionate. Overall, examining these potentials helps predict chromium species' behavior in chemical reactions, especially regarding their stability and propensity to undergo disproportionation.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Latimer Diagrams: Chromium Species Disproportionation** A Latimer diagram is a useful tool for visualizing the standard electrode potentials associated with the reduction of different oxidation states of an element, in this case, chromium (Cr). The diagram helps in identifying which species of an element might disproportionate under certain conditions. ### Chromium Latimer Diagram Explained: - The diagram lists different oxidation states of chromium from left to right: Cr(VI), Cr(V), Cr(IV), Cr(III), Cr(II), and Cr(0). - Each arrow between adjacent species represents a reduction reaction, labeled with a standard reduction potential (in volts). - **Cr(VI) to Cr(V):** 0.55 V - **Cr(V) to Cr(IV):** 1.34 V - **Cr(IV) to Cr(III):** 2.1 V - **Cr(III) to Cr(II):** -0.424 V - **Cr(II) to Cr(0):** -0.90 V There are additional reduction pathways shown for: - **Cr(VI) to Cr(IV):** 0.95 V - **Cr(VI) to Cr(III):** 1.38 V - **Cr(IV) to Cr(0):** 1.72 V - **Cr(III) to Cr(0):** -0.74 V ### Determining Disproportionation: In a Latimer diagram, a species is likely to undergo disproportionation if the potential to the left is more positive than the potential to the right (when considering neighboring species in terms of oxidation state). - **Cr(IV):** Potential to Cr(IV) (2.1 V) is greater than potential from Cr(IV) (1.34 V), suggesting Cr(IV) is stable and doesn't disproportionate. - **Cr(III):** Potential from Cr(III) to Cr(II) is -0.424 V, whereas potential from Cr(III) to Cr(IV) is higher (2.1 V), indicating it could disproportionate. Overall, examining these potentials helps predict chromium species' behavior in chemical reactions, especially regarding their stability and propensity to undergo disproportionation.
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Latimer diagram : Latimer diagram is the representation of the standard reduction potentials of an element at it's different oxidation states.

Disproportionation reaction : The chemical reaction in which the same element is simultaneously oxidized and reduced is called disproportionation reaction.

 

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