How do you determine the immediate settlement, primary consolidation settlement and secondary consolidation settlement from the consolidation graph?. Name the method that can be used for this purpose.

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Q: Define the process of Calculation of Primary ConsolidationSettlement ?

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.