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How do macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes work together to locate, recognize, and eliminate pathogens?
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- Which of the following describes a cytokine that typically cause a leukocyte to undergo extravasation (also called diapedesis or transendothelial migration)? A) allergens B) haptens C) chemokines D) complementWhich of the following is not a part of the inflammation process? a) Intracellular gaps in vessels that allow passage of large proteins Ob) Dilation of vessels c) Increased permeability of vessels d) Contraction of vascular smooth muscle e) Increased blood flowHow does Epithelial cells and Muco-ciliary escalator fights off infection?
- Antibodies, complement proteins, and phagocytic cells provide effective protection against all of the following types of infections except: a) Fungi b) Virus-infected cell c) Worms d) Bacteria e) VirusesWhich of the following is not considered a "first line of defense" against pathogens? a) lysozyme b) macrophages Oc) gastric juices d) mucous membranes4) A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident. How will this affect the immune response? 5) You come in contact with staphylococci through a cut. What cellular features will the immune cells recognize? 6) Name two opsonins and how do these molecules help the immune response? 7) Fever is part of the inflammatory process. What is the role of fever during an immune response? 8) This chemical is used to induce anti-viral responses in cells to protect the cells from viral infections. 9) This complement activation pathway is activated when complement binds to an antibody bound to antigens.
- What is the purpose of inflammation?Which of the following happens during inflammation? A) O The capillaries supplying blood to the area become more permeable. B)O Certain cytokines cause deadened nerve endings, alleviating pain. C) O Neutrophils exit blood vessels and phagocytize cells in the infected area. 11) D.OB cells and T cells exit blood vessels and interact with pathogens. E) O two of the above are correctRemoval of apoptotic cells are done by: Question 6 options: a) phagocytes or neighboring cells. b) circulatory system sweeping away the fragmented cells. c) fragmentation of the cell into small enough pieces that they are swept away by extracellular fluid. d) fusion of the apoptotic cell to neighboring cells to form multinucleate cells. e) migration of the apoptotic cells from the tissue to the lymphatic system to be flushed out.
- The correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is: À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer Cell C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T CellWhich cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not has a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems? A) O Macrophages B) O Dendritic cells C) O Complement activation D) O Phagocytosis E) O all the above have a role in both the innate and adaptive immune systemsWhat is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.