Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
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![**Assignment Score: 40%**
**Question 3 of 9**
**Instructions:** Add curved arrows to the reactant side of the S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction shown.
**Diagram Explanation:**
The left side of the diagram shows the reactant structure for an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction. The molecule is composed of a central carbon (C) atom bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms and one bromine (Br) atom. The hydroxide ion (OH<sup>-</sup>) is shown with a lone pair of electrons. The diagram indicates a curved arrow pointing from the lone pair on the hydroxide ion toward the central carbon, suggesting nucleophilic attack. Another curved arrow leads from the C-Br bond toward the bromine atom, indicating the leaving of the bromide ion.
**Reaction Arrow:**
The reaction arrow points from the reactants on the left to the products on the right, illustrating the transformation during the reaction.
**Products:**
- The product on the right shows a tetrahedral carbon (C) with an oxygen (O) atom from the hydroxide ion bonded to it, alongside three hydrogen atoms.
- A bromide ion (Br<sup>-</sup>) is depicted separately, with the departure of the leaving group indicated by lone pairs of electrons.
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This exercise assists in understanding curved arrow notation in organic chemistry, especially in relation to nucleophilic substitution reactions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9f8ab665-91f7-4149-a967-c728288cd4b9%2F01a0001d-4bae-41ff-8a0b-86e30fdf4069%2F7y2vvyo_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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